in this paper, it is assumed that the “decision making units“( ) are consist of positive and negative input and output. firstly, the optimistic and pessimistic models have been suggested by using negative data and then units with most productive scale size are measured in optimistic and pessimistic models. these productive values are compared with double frontiers and hurwicz’s criterion to obt...

Setting the values of rewards in Markov decision processes (MDP) may be a difficult task. In this paper, we consider two ordinal decision models for MDPs where only an order is known over rewards. The first one, which has been proposed recently in MDPs [23], defines preferences with respect to a reference point. The second model, which can been viewed as the dual approach of the first one, is b...

this paper proposes a method for ranking decision making units (dmus) using some of the multiple criteria decision making / multiple attribute decision making          (mcdm /madm) techniques, namely, interval analytic hierarchy process (iahp)          and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (topsis).          since the efficiency score of unity is assigned to ...