PURPOSE We aimed to determine the radiation doses delivered to patients undergoing general examinations using computed or digital radiography systems in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiographs of 20 patients undergoing posteroanterior chest X-ray and of 20 patients undergoing anteroposterior kidney-ureter-bladder radiography were evaluated in five X-ray rooms at four local hospitals in the ...

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown incredible performance in learning various tasks to the human level. However, unlike human perception, current DRL models connect the entire low-level sensory input to the state-action values rather than exploiting the relationship between and among entities that constitute the sensory input. Because of this difference, DRL needs vast amount of experi...

The Drosophila Derailed (DRL) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) controls key guidance events in the developing nervous system and mesoderm. Like other members of the "related to tyrosine kinases" (RYK) subfamily of RTKs, DRL has several highly unusual amino acid substitutions within the catalytic domain, raising the possibility that members of this subfamily are catalytically inactive. To test the...

We propose a generic distributed learning framework for robust statistical learning on big contaminated data. The Distributed Robust Learning (DRL) framework can reduce the computational cost of traditional robust learning methods by several orders. We provide a sharp analysis on the robustness of DRL, showing that DRL not only preserves the robustness of base robust learning methods, but also ...

The use of dynamically reconfigurable logic (DRL) in the design of embedded systems has added a new dimension to the hardware/software co-synthesis problem. The spatial computing advantage and silicon reuse offered by DRL comes at the cost of reconfiguration latency which has to be effectively managed in order to optimize the system performance and power consumption. The initial attempts at lev...

BACKGROUND Animal studies have shown that exposure to common, low-level environmental contaminants [e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead] causes excessive and inappropriate responding on intermittent reinforcement schedules. The Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates task (DRL) has been shown to be especially sensitive to low-level PCB exposure in monkeys. OBJECTIVES We investigated ...

Abstract Background The concept of diagnostic reference level (DRL) is considered a regular method to optimize radiation protection in imaging system. objective implementing for dose produce high-quality images by applying minimum based on the As Low Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. Therefore, this study aimed evaluate status radiology wards educational hospitals affiliated with Birjand...

During development, muscles must form and attach at highly stereotyped positions to allow for coordinated movements. In Drosophila, muscles grow towards and attach to specifically positioned cells within the epidermis. At the molecular level, very little is known about how muscles recognize these attachment sites. The derailed gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase family member that is essent...

Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during ...