Biological neurons acting alone are inefficient and noisy, yet are able to work together to produce a large dynamic response over a wide frequency range. This behavior suggests using interconnected low-level electronics to represent the conversion of analog signals to digital temporal patterns for state of the art analog to digital conversion.

The goal of this article is to present interactive didactic software for analog to digital conversion using PCM method. After a short introduction regarding vocal signal processing we present some method for analog to digital conversion. The didactic software is an applet that can be direct accessed by any interested person.

An analog-to-digital converter for on-chip focal-plane image sensor applications. The analog-to-digital converter utilizes a single charge integrating amplifier in a charge balancing architecture to implement successive approximation analog-to-digital conversion. This design requires minimal chip area and has high speed and low power dissipation for operation in the 2-10 bit range. The inventio...

Background: Analog radiography has been replaced with digital radiography for canine diagnostic imaging in many veterinary clinics. There is no data comparing these modalities in a veterinary clinical setting to detect bronchial pattern signs in dogs. Objectives: In this study, computerized digital radiography (CR) and analog radiography were compared for diagnosis of bronchial pattern in dogs....

Problem statement: With the advent of the advanced technology and the need for more advanced equipment, the current progress and development of electronic instruments stimulate more interest and efforts for more innovative ideas and better designs. Many real world physical values, such as sounds, temperature, pressure and humidity, can be measured as analog or continuous signals. However, to pr...

due to the expected increase of defects in circuits based on deep submicron technologies, reliability has become an important design criterion. although different approaches have been developed to estimate reliability in digital circuits and some measuring concepts have been separately presented to reveal the quality of analog circuit reliability in the literature, there is a gap to estimate re...

We present an algorithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture for large-scale parallel quantization of internally analog variables in externally digital array processors. The converter quantizes and accumulates a binary weighted sequence of partial binary-binary matrix-vector products computed on the analog array, under presentation of bit-serial inputs in descending binary order. Th...

A new background calibration technique for pipelined analog-to-digital converters is proposed. By dividing the step sizes of the multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) in a pipeline stages and injecting a random signal into the MDAC, it is possible to calibrate a pipeline stage without interrupting the normal analog-to-digital operation. The calibration can eliminate the nonlinear effec...