Background:  The objective of the study was to appraise the total dollar value of human life losses (TDVHL) associated with COVID-19 in Canada. Methods: The net output approach (also known as human capital approach) was applied in the dollar valuation of the 6,062 human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Canada as of 23 May 2020. The economic model was rerun five times: (a) using the nati...

A two countries-single speriss dynamic optimizacion problem in fisheries is formulated in differential game theoretic framework. The Cournot-Nash solution concept is introduced and two strategies in arriving at the Cournot-Nash solutions; are discussed. These strategies are (1) closed-loop catch strategy and (2) openloop catch strategy. A quadratic benefit function is then used as the objective...

Recently, retailers who directly deal with poultry farmers increase in Japan. It therefore becomes necessary for the poultry farmers to deliver products to the retailers frequently in accordance with the retailers’ demand. The retailer purchases (raw) chicken meat from the poultry farmer. The stock of the poultry farmer increases due to growth, in contrast, the inventory level of the retailer i...

We consider semicontinuous controlled Markov models in discrete time with total expected losses. Only control strategies which meet a set of given constraint inequalities are admissible. One has to build an optimal admissible strategy. The main result consists in the constructive development of optimal strategy with the help of the dynamic programming method. The model studied covers the case o...

The values of a two-player zero-sum binary discounted game are characterized by a P-matrix linear complementarity problem (LCP). Simple formulas are given to describe the data of the LCP in terms of the game graph, discount factor, and rewards. Hence it is shown that the unique sink orientation (USO) associated with this LCP coincides with the strategy valuation USO associated with the discount...

This paper derives the optimal strategy for a two armed bandit problem under the constraint that the strategy must be implemented by a finite automaton with an exogenously given, small number of states. The idea is to find learning rules for bandit problems that are optimal subject to the constraint that they must be simple. Our main results show that the optimal rule involves an arbitrary init...

In the supply chain management, the supplier can reduce its total cost by providing price discounts to restrict the retailers’ replenishment intervals to multiples of a common replenishment interval. In order to accomplish this purpose, supplier often determined a price discount that all the retailers can accept. After the cost of the supplier was further considered, a better price discount was...