Though some data needs can be met using program information collected as part of the claims process, these data are not sufficient to prwide a comprehensive picture of the degree to which Social Security contributes to the economic security of the beneficiary population. Additional information-such as other income sources, amount of total income, assets, work experience, and health-is essential...

Empirical work has demonstrated that individually reported subjective wellbeing (SWB) may be positively correlated with objectively measured economic variables like income, and affected by non-economic personal circumstances. Assuming individuals’ own SWB reports emerge from random discrete choices, one can therefore use their stochastic properties to construct a broad class of ordinal level co...

This research introduces the scale of innovation intensity (SIIN) based on meta-taxonomy that subsumes other, less comprehensive taxonomies. The SIIN is similar to seismic scale used to measure the intensity of earthquakes. The intensity of technological change is measured by an indicator, called Magnitude, based on the impact of technological innovations on the economic system. The theory is a...

this article deals with budgets social of and health cares and social security during the last two decades and brings their its influence on social welfare into consideration. the author lays emphasis on an increasing growth in social expenditures after the islamic revolution of iran. the author continues discussing credibility ratio from gdp and sets up a series of analyses, and comes to this ...

Child abuse is a social problem which varies from family to family in different cultures and societies. It has indelible effects on physical and psychological wellbeing of a child. The present study was carried out in India on a sample of 310 abused adolescents identified from a larger sample of 1000 from six rural locations using a Personal Information Sheet, a Self-structured Assessment Perfo...

The decline in perceived happiness within economic prosperity in Chinese society calls for further examination. In this research, we investigate the effect of employment in public sector work units on perceived happiness through the mediation of economic and social status relative deprivations. In the reform era of China, work unit is still an important mechanism maintaining social inequality, ...

This article investigates the nature, context, and impact of economic stressors associated with loss, drawing on a mixed-methods study of changes in financial circumstances and economic roles following death of a life partner. Findings show how economic changes, and the practicalities of dealing with such transitions, shaped individual responses to the death. Perceived decline in financial well...

abstract background: happiness is a drive and constructive force of life. a person feels wellbeing under different effective factors. religious dogmatism that has an influence on the entire world is one of the depreciatory factors of happiness or wellbeing. the current study decided to analyze the relation between dogmatism and wellbeing, and according to a model, answer the following question:...