This paper demonstrates how formal housing ® nance is the product of the perceptions that prevail among the middle and upper classes, who as policy-makers, econom ists and managers, determ ine how housing ® nance institutions ® x the terms and conditions of housing loans for the urban poor. They use affordability criteria that ® t the purchase or construction of a house in one go. However, affo...

political, social, and economic spheres of iran underwent extensive changes during the pahlavi period. these evolutions brought about far-reaching cultural, population, and physical effects. in this period, centralization, immigration, and development policies led to an increasing growth in the population of tehran and consequently housing emerged in the capital. while the small-scale construct...

In this study, a dynamic model was developed to simulate the housing stock in the North East region of England. This model takes input from the English Housing Survey database and uses EnergyPlus as its simulation engine. A range of retrofit options was applied to the housing stock, to examine the possible CO2 reductions corresponding to different scenarios. By embedding a multi-objective optim...

Income status is an important variable that is strongly associated with certain commuting behaviours of workers. This paper presents new evidence on how polycentric development impacts on workers’ commuting behaviour among various income groups in Beijing, China. This study suggests that three key influencing factors—the public transport network, the location of affordable housing projects and ...

Poor housing may increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus among middle-aged black Americans, suggests research published in the 15 August 2007 edition of the American Journal of Epidemiology. What exactly causes this link, however, remains to be explained. " Many factors linked with the development of diabetes, such as obesity or the use of alcohol or smoking, are commonly present in t...

This paper draws from research undertaken by the authors for the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI) that scoped the processes and inputs needed for establishing a new redevelopment model in Australia’s middle suburbs, with a particular focus on Melbourne (Newton et al 2011). The research comprised a series of investigative panels that were designed to facilitate engagement ...

Background: For developing nations the development of sustainable communities has to go hand in hand with the achievement of wider goals, where emphasis has to be given to the importance of lifestyle and social change. This interdisciplinary research draws understanding from the social, cultural and economic studies to define the values and aspirations of the middle class and the associated imp...