Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is known as a technique for restoring lost motor functions in paralysis patients. In this study we developed an FES controller by employing simple adaptive control (SAC), and verified it on a young healthy man. The controller did not need the complicated adjustment.

We propose the use of electrical stimulation to generate a new sensorial input to the human body to improve the man-machine interfacing, increasing the communication channels between a robot and the human body. This study focus on the sensation generation for a electromyographic (EMG) prosthetic hand, where the need of “biofeedback” is of vital importance to achieve subconscious control. We use...

OBJECTIVE Target selectivity of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy is critical, as the precise locus and pattern of the stimulation dictates the degree to which desired treatment responses are achieved and adverse side effects are avoided. There is a clear clinical need to improve DBS technology beyond currently available stimulation steering and shaping approaches. We introduce orientation s...

Transcranial stimulation encompasses all non-invasive brain stimulation techniques where electrical current is generated or induced in the brain for experimental or therapeutic purposes using scalp electrodes or magnetic coils. Each modality (e.g. transcranial current stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy) produces a spatio...

Electrical stimulation is emerging as a viable alternative for patients with epilepsy whose seizures are not alleviated by drugs or surgery. Its attractions are temporal and spatial specificity of action, flexibility of waveform parameters and timing, and the perception that its effects are reversible unlike resective surgery. However, despite significant advances in our understanding of mechan...

Electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe was performed in chronic schizophrenic patients to treat the auditory hallucinations. During electrical stimulation, there appeared different kinds of hallucinations. The characteristics of the hallucinations produced by the temporal lobe stimulation greatly differ from those of the schizophrenic hallucinations. Visual and auditory hallucinations by t...

Functional Electrical Stimulation is a commonly used method in clinical rehabilitation and research to trigger useful muscle contractions by electrical stimuli. In this work, we present a stimulation system for transcutaneous electrical stimulation that gives extensive control over the stimulation waveform and the stimulation timing. The system supports electrode arrays, which have been suggest...

The etiology of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is uncertain and the prognosis for symptomatic recovery is generally poor. A wide variety of interventions are used in the management of FM. There is, however, no clear consensus on the treatment of choice and FM remains relatively refractory to treatment. Therefore, prevention, causal therapy and rehabilitation are not possible. FM patients frequently...

Introduction.  Neuromodulation, mediated by invasive electric stimulation, has been shown to be effective when applied to patients with refractory and intractable neuropathic pain. Recent advances in neurostimulation have broadened the therapeutic uses of this therapy, with the placement of extraspinal electrodes for peripheral nerve stimulation. Methods.  Four patients with long-evolving, pers...

Ensuring patient and participant safety during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we begin by exploring a number of general safety concerns and the prevalence of reported side-effects in the TMS literature. Next, we outline contraindications and the recommended safety parameters for each of the major stimulation paradigms (including single and r...