Photo-excitation intensity dependent electron and hole injections from CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite to nanocrystalline TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD are presented with the electron injection yield decrease from 95% to 10% and the hole injection yield decrease from 99% to 50% by increasing the excitation intensity from 10 nJ cm(-2) to 50 μJ cm(-2).

Using ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy (BEES), we directly determined the energy barrier for electron injection at clean interfaces of Alq(3) with Al and Fe to be 2.1 and 2.2 eV, respectively. We quantitatively modeled the sub-barrier BEES spectra with an accumulated space charge layer, and found that the transport of nonballistic electrons is consistent with random hopping over the inj...

The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have been regarded as one of the most promising new generation solar cells. Tremendous research efforts have been invested to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion which is generally determined by the light harvesting efficiency, electron injection efficiency and undesirable electron lifetime. In this review, various characteristics of dye-...

We investigate the electron injection from a terrylene-based chromophore to the TiO2 semiconductor bridged by a recently proposed phenyl-amide-phenyl molecular rectifier. The mechanism of electron transfer is studied by means of quantum dynamics simulations using an extended Hückel Hamiltonian. It is found that the inclusion of the nuclear motion is necessary to observe the photoinduced electro...

In this paper, we investigate the carrier injection and transport characteristics in iridium(III)bis[4,6-(di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2']picolinate (FIrpic) doped phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with oxadiazole (OXD) as the bipolar host material of the emitting layer (EML). When doping Firpic inside the OXD, the driving voltage of OLEDs greatly decreases because FIrpic ...

A high contact resistance for screen-printed contacts was observed when a conventional Ag paste was used on a boron emitter. The results of this study suggest that electron injection during firing is one of the processes that contribute to a lower contact resistance. Larger quantities of Ag precipitates formed upon electron injection into the boron emitter, which was confirmed by observing Ag c...

Electron acceleration in collisionless shocks with arbitrary magnetic field orientations is discussed. It is shown that the injection of thermal electrons into the diffusive shock acceleration process is achieved by an electron beam with a loss cone in velocity space that is reflected back upstream from the shock through the shock drift acceleration mechanism. The electron beam is able to excit...

A tapered AlGaN electron blocking layer with step-graded aluminum composition is analyzed in nitride-based blue light-emitting diode (LED) numerically and experimentally. The energy band diagrams, electrostatic fields, carrier concentration, electron current density profiles, and hole transmitting probability are investigated. The simulation results demonstrated that such tapered structure can ...

Objective(s) Sildenafil citrate is a new drug and has special properties that bring about nitric oxide effects on vascular smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ovarian stimulation and sildenafil citrate injection on pinopode expression in mice. Materials and Methods Thirty adult female mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, hyperstimulated and hyp...