We report the results of 1D particle-in-cell simulations of ultrarelativistic shock waves in proton-electron-positron plasmas. We consider magnetized shock waves, in which the upstream medium carries a large scale magnetic field, directed transverse to the flow. Relativistic cyclotron instability of each species as the incoming particles encounter the increasing magnetic field within the shock ...

Barotrauma from arc induced shock waves may result in dangerous sequelae during ablation of arrhythmogenic foci. In this report, maximum pulse amplitude and pulse width determinations were made to assess avoidance of shock-wave generation using rectangular constant current pulses. Energy delivery appears to be optimal between 80-100 microseconds. If higher energies are required, multiple pulses...

In this article, cosmic ray acceleration is studied in a nonlinear test particle picture in the hydrodynamic approach. The model includes cosmic rays and two oppositely propagating Alfvén waves. It is a nonlinear model because the interactions between the cosmic rays, waves and background plasma depend on the waves themselves. The background is a simple fast shock. Besides the parameters charac...

We study the suprathermal electron acceleration mechanism in a perpendicular magnetosonic shock wave in a high Mach number regime by using a particlein-cell simulation. We find that shock surfing/surfatron acceleration producing the suprathermal electrons occurs in the shock transition region where a series of large amplitude electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are excited by Buneman instabilit...

BACKGROUND Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can modulate cell behavior through mechanical information transduction. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) are sensible to mechanical stimulus and can express pro-inflammatory molecules in response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of shock waves on interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic p...

We study the properties of cosmological shock waves identified in highresolution, N-body/hydrodynamic simulations of a ΛCDM universe and their role on thermalization of gas and acceleration of nonthermal, cosmic ray (CR) particles. External shocks form around sheets, filaments and knots of mass distribution when the gas in void regions accretes onto them. Within those nonlinear structures, inte...

It is widely believed that multiwavelength afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from relativistic blast waves. We here show that in such blast waves, a significant fraction of the energy of shock-accelerated protons would be lost due to pion production by interactions with afterglow photons. This could lead to long-term production of 10–10 eV neutrinos and sub-TeV γ-rays that accompa...

We study the formation of marginally trapped surfaces in the head-on collision of two shock waves in de Sitter space-time as a function of the cosmological constant and the energy of the shock wave. For D = 4 it is shown that there exists a critical value of the ratio of these quantities above which no solution to the trapped surface equation is found. For the ratio below the critical value the...

P 13-5, 7th World Congress on Endourology and ESWL,Kyoto, 27.-30. 11. 1989 16. Brfimmer F, Staudenraus J, Nesper M, Suhr D, Eisenmenger W, H~ilser DF (1989) Biological effects and physical characterizationof shock waves generated by an XL-1 experimental lithotripter. ProcUltrasonics Int 89:1130-1135 17. Chaussy Ch, Schmied E, Jocham D, Fuchs G, Brendel W, ForssmanB, Hepp W (1986...