In this paper, we firstly show that the $N$-dual operation of the right residual implication, which is induced by a left-conjunctive right arbitrary $vee$-distributive left semi-uninorm, is the right residual coimplication induced by its $N$-dual operation. As a dual result, the $N$-dual operation of the right residual coimplication, which is induced by a left-disjunctive right arbitrary $wedge...

Market researchers often conduct surveys asking respondents to estimate their future demand for new products. However, projected demand may exhibit systematic bias. For example, the more respondents like a product, the more they may exaggerate their demand. We found evidence of such exaggeration in a recent survey of demand for a potential new video product. In this paper, we develop a computat...

‎In the following text for arbitrary $X$ with at least two elements‎, ‎nonempty countable set $Gamma$‎ ‎we make a comparative study on the collection of generalized shift dynamical systems like $(X^Gamma,sigma_varphi)$ where $varphi:GammatoGamma$ is an arbitrary self-map‎. ‎We pay attention to sub-systems and combinations of generalized shifts with counterexamples regarding Devaney‎, ‎exact Dev...

Mary recently moved to Washington, D.C. and is looking to rent an apartment near where she is to attend college. As a first step, she consults a local classifieds web application to explore housing listings within her budget. Upon selecting the first listing in her search results she reads the description. What luck! Not only is the posted apartment near her college, but it is also close to a n...

A nonnegative martingale with initial value equal to one measures evidence against a probabilistic hypothesis. The inverse of its value at some stopping time can be interpreted as a Bayes factor. If we exaggerate the evidence by considering the largest value attained so far by such a martingale, the exaggeration will be limited, and there are systematic ways to eliminate it. The inverse of the ...