In this paper we consider an airline seat allocation model where multiple fare classes are available and replenishment can be allowed for the lower fare classes. Such a replenishment likely occurs whenever the higher fare classes do not have demands large enough compared with the number of the pre-allocated seats. Then, the lower fare classes should be reopened while the prices may be discounte...

In proof-of-payment transit systems, passengers are legally required to purchase tickets before entering but are not physically forced to do so. Instead, patrol units move about the transit system, inspecting the tickets of passengers, who face fines if caught fare evading. The deterrence of fare evasion depends on the unpredictability and effectiveness of the patrols. In this paper, we present...

The opportunity was taken to find out what happened to a group of runners during and after a provincial marathon race and to assess the influence of various factors on the problems and rate of recovery. METHOD AND RESULTS There were 415 entrants to the 1983 Guildford Marathon disclosing a true intent to run the full marathon by entering the second circuit of the course and 386 (93%) completed t...

Texture image analysis is one of the most important working realms of image processing in medical sciences and industry. Up to present, different approaches have been proposed for segmentation of texture images. In this paper, we offered unsupervised texture image segmentation based on Markov Random Field (MRF) model. First, we used Gabor filter with different parameters’ (frequency, orientatio...

This paper explores the effects of trip purpose on price elasticity of bus mode. Data for the research was collected through passenger field survey in Isfahan, Iran. Due to the nature of the data, nonlinear regression and nonparametric statistics tools were used for analysis. It was found that the logarithmic function best explains the relationship between percentage of change in demand and per...