We discuss the anthropic principle when applied to the holographic dark energy. We find that if the amplitude of the density fluctution is variable, the holographic dark energy fares better than the cosmological constant.

Biosurveillance for infectious diseases is a field in evolution. The anthrax attacks of 2001 called attention to the need for early warning systems for terrorist attacks, and the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic underscored the need for tracking syndromic patterns. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established BioSense in 2004 to monitor national health data and to provide federal, sta...

Learning is a fundamental biological adaptation that is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. According to previous research, 2 conditions are necessary for learning to be adaptive: between-generation environmental variability and within-generation environmental predictability. In this article, we show that between-generation variability is not necessary and that instrumental learning can p...

Keto-enol tautomerism was investigated for ionized pyruvic acid using the DFT(B3LYP) method and the larger basis sets [6-31++G(d,p), 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) and aug-cc-pVDZ]. Change of the tautomeric preference was observed when going from the neutral to ionized tautomeric mixture. Ionization favors the enolization process (ketoenol) of pyruvic acid, whereas the ketonization (ketoenol) is preferred ...

Ideology, power, and identity are truly reflected in people’s daily discourse including mark negotiation discourse of students. Peculiar power relations in Iranian academic settings and the unique features of politeness in Farsi extending up to Ta’arof motivated the researcher to statistically analyze a total of 50 mark negotiation discourse samples of Iranian university students from diverse d...

Why are some defence mechanisms expressed constitutively, while others are induced only upon exposure? Experimental evolution in a bacteria-phage system provides empirical support for the prediction that high frequency of exposure to parasites selects for constitutive defence despite associated costs.

In this paper we study phase synchronization in random complex networks of coupled periodic oscillators. In particular, we show that, when amplitude dynamics is not negligible, phase synchronization may be enhanced. To illustrate this, we compare the behavior of heterogeneous units with both amplitude and phase dynamics and pure (Kuramoto) phase oscillators. We find that in small network motifs...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in human dental tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were classified within MSC family, are multipotent, can be isolated from adult teeth, and have been shown to differentiate, under particular conditions, into various cell types including osteoblasts. In this work, we investigated how the differentiation process of DPSCs toward osteoblasts ...