BACKGROUND Quantification of renal fluid conservation is possible by urine analysis, and the results can indicate dehydration. The present report sought to determine whether this fluid retention correlates with fluid requirements during major abdominal surgeries that have estimated operating times ≥ 2 h. METHODS Urine colour, specific weight, osmolality and creatinine concentration were used ...

Background Dehydration refers to an imbalance in fluid dynamics when fluid intake doesn’t replenish water losses. Limiting dehydration during training and competition is a major concern for soccer players. A moderate exercise workout generally produces a 0.5to1.5 litre sweat loss over a 1 hour period, depending on training status and individual features. Changes in body weight (before/after mat...

Perioperative fluid therapy is the subject of much controversy, and the results of the clinical trials investigating the effect of fluid therapy on outcome of surgery seem contradictory. The aim of this chapter is to review the evidence behind current standard fluid therapy, and to critically analyse the trials examining the effect of fluid therapy on outcome of surgery. The following conclusio...

Fouling is a common, fundamental and costly problem in heat transfer systems, which reduces thermal efficiency of equipment, increases the energy loss and causes strong damage to the heat transfer equipment in various industries. The main causes of fouling on the heat transfer surfaces are salts with inverse temperature-solubility in the fluid which calcium sulfate is one of the most important ...

There are few data in the published literature on sweat loss and drinking behaviour in athletes training in a cool environment. Sweat loss and fluid intake were measured in 17 first-team members of an elite soccer team training for 90 min in a cool (5 degrees C, 81% relative humidity) environment. Sweat loss was assessed from the change in body mass after correction for the volume of fluid cons...

OBJECTIVE To examine regional changes in the fluid content of human intervertebral discs by comparing sagittal plane "profiles" of hydration before and after mechanical loading. METHODS Cadaveric lumbar intervertebral discs were loaded to simulate a typical day's loading in vivo. Ten motion segments were subjected to a 1500 N compressive load for a period of 6 h with the superior vertebrae in...

for normally hydrated individuals. However, when working in stressful environments for extended durations, particularly when wearing personal protective equipment, fluid losses via sweat secretion are dramatically elevated, and can approach 8-16 L.day -1 . Indeed, during a moderate exercise-heat stress, whole-body sweat rates typically range between 1-1.5 L.h -1 , and fluid loss at this rate si...

A thermo-diffusive model has been used to investigate the interaction of non-unity Lewis number and heat loss for laminar premixed flames propagating in a channel. A coordinate system moving with the flame has been used to immobilize the flame within the computational domain. At Lewis numbers significantly below unity in presence of high heat loss, tip opening near the centerline and dead space...

PURPOSE Assessment of post-exercise changes in hydration with bioimpedance (BI) is complicated by physiological adaptations that affect resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values. This study investigated exercise-induced changes in R and Xc, independently and in bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, when factors such as increased skin temperature and blood flow and surface electrolyte accumula...