Fractals are physically complex due to their repetition of patterns at multiple size scales. Whereas the statistical characteristics of the patterns repeat for fractals found in natural objects, computers can generate patterns that repeat exactly. Are these exact fractals processed differently, visually and aesthetically, than their statistical counterparts? We investigated the human aesthetic ...

A novel printed octagonal fractal microstrip antenna with semi-elliptical ground plane is presented for ultra wide band applications. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 20×20×1 mm³. The measured result of the antenna exhibits the ultra wide band characteristics from 2/9 to 14/2 GHz. In this paper, reducing antenna’s size by 35%, the same results were achieved, while small dimension frac...

Gear’s normal contact stiffness played an important role in the mechanical equipment. In this paper, the M-B fractal model is modified and the contact surface coefficient is put forward to set up the fractal model, considering the influence of friction, which could be used to calculate accurately the involute arc cylindrical gears’ normal contact stiffness based on the fractal theory and Hertz ...

Current theories describe aerosol transport in the lung as a dispersive (diffusion-like) process, characterized by an effective diffusion coefficient, D eff , in the context of reversible alveolar flow. Our recent experimental data, however, question the validity of these basic assumptions. In this study, we described the behavior of fluid particles (or bolus) in a realistic numerical alveolate...

analysis of food surfaces is of interest because many processes depend on their complexity. food surfaces show several textural characteristics related to their nature, composition and processing. food surface images and their microscopic details need to be translated into numerical data before engineering analysis. fractal geometry is a novel concept to describe the complexity of natural shape...

In this paper we have made a draft of a physical fractal essence of the universe, a sketch of a new cosmology, which we believe to lay at the root of our new holistic biological paradigm. We present the fractal roomy spiraled structures and the energy-rich dancing "infinite strings" or lines of the universe that our hypothesis is based upon. The geometric language of this cosmology is symbolic ...

Current theories describe aerosol transport in the lung as a dispersive (diffusion-like) process, characterized by an effective diffusion coefficient in the context of reversible alveolar flow. Our recent experimental data, however, question the validity of these basic assumptions. In this study, we describe the behavior of fluid particles (or bolus) in a realistic, numerical, alveolated duct m...