As franchisors add same brand outlets to a geographical market, the resulting encroachment from multiple locations creates con ict via revenue cannibalization. We empirically explore the possibility that encroachment could, in fact, have the opposite e ect by increasing revenues as more same brand units are added. In particular, we propose that same brand units create a spillover e ect that can...

BACKGROUND Social franchising is the fastest growing market-based approach to organising and improving the quality of care in the private sector of low- and middle-income countries, but there is limited evidence on its impact and cost-effectiveness. The "Sky" social franchise model was introduced in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in late 2013. METHODS/DESIGN Difference-in-difference method...

We have been monitoring VTX station at 17KHz from the Centre for Space Physics VLF receiver. While everyday we receive the so­called classic patterns of sun­rise and sun­set, we started observing irregular behaviour of the local terminators from December 22nd, 2004 onward and it continued till the 30th of December, 2004. It is to be recalled that the devastating Tsunami occurred on the 26th of ...

Many theories of democratization suggest that extending the right to vote will lead to increased government expenditure (e.g. Meltzer and Richard, 1981; Lizzeri and Persico, 2004; Acemoglu and Robinson, 2000). However, these models frequently assume that government can engage in transfer expenditure, which is often not true for local governments. This paper presents and tests a model in which g...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between: a) the motivational climate developed by a national exercise franchise and b) members’ sense of ownership in and enjoyment of exercise. Members of a national exercise franchise (N=5,329) were surveyed to learn their views on the motivational climate (autonomy supportive, caring, taskand egoinvolving), exercise class ownership, a...