Lehmer’s question is equivalent to one about generalized growth rates of Lefschetz numbers of iterated pseudo-Anosov surface homeomorphisms. One need consider only homeomorphisms that arise as monodromies of fibered knots in lens spaces L(n, 1), n > 0. Lehmer’s question for Perron polynomials is equivalent to one about generalized growth rates of words under injective free group endomorphisms.

Based on hyperbolic geometric considerations, Roger and Yang introduced an extension of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra that includes arcs. In particular, their is a deformation quantization certain commutative curve algebra, there Poisson homomorphism between smooth functions decorated Teichmu?ller space. this paper, we consider surfaces with punctures which are not 3-holed sphere have idea...

Extending the corresponding notion for matrices or bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space we define a generalized Schur complement for a non-negative linear operator mapping a linear space into its dual and derive some of its properties.

This paper first improves Chen and Hsieh’s definition of generalized fuzzy numbers, which makes it the generalization of definition of fuzzy numbers. Secondly, in terms of the generalized fuzzy numbers set, we introduce two different kinds of orders and arithmetic operations and metrics based on the λ-cutting sets or generalized λ-cutting sets, so that the generalized fuzzy numbers are integrat...

In this paper, the generalized -centroidal mean and its dual form in 2 variables are introduced. Also, studied some properties and prove their monotonicity. Further, shown that various means are partic- ular cases of generalized $bf{alpha}$-centroidal mean.

in this paper we obtain lower and upper estimates for the essential norms of generalized composition operators from weighted dirichlet spaces or bloch type spaces to $q_k$ type spaces.

In this paper, we classify all generalized quadrangles weakly embedded of degree 2 in projective space. More exactly, given a (possibly infinite) generalized quadrangle Γ = (P,L, I ) and a map π from P (respectively L) to the set of points (respectively lines) of a projective space PG(V ), V a vector space over some skew field (not necessarily finite-dimensional), such that: (i) π is injective ...

We explore the dual version of Gottschalk’s conjecture recently introduced by Capobianco, Kari, and Taati, notion surjunctivity in general. show that surjunctive groups satisfy Kaplansky’s direct finiteness for all fields positive characteristic. By quantifying notions injectivity post-surjectivity cellular automata, we image full topological shift under an injective automaton is a subshift fin...

We introduce an equivariant version of the weak expectation property (WEP) at level operator modules over completely contractive Banach algebras [Formula: see text]. prove a number general results — for example, characterization text]-WEP in terms appropriate text]-injective envelope, and also those text] which implies WEP. In case text], we recover text]-[Formula: text]-algebras recent work Bu...

Let R be a general ring. Duality pairs of R-modules were introduced by Holm-Jørgensen. Most examples satisfy further properties making them what we call semi-complete duality in this paper. We attach relative theory Gorenstein homological algebra to any given pair