The inverted generational distance (IGD) is a metric for assessing the quality of approximations to the Pareto front obtained by multi-objective optimization algorithms. The IGD has become the most commonly used metric in the context of many-objective problems, i.e., those with more than three objectives. The averaged Hausdorff distance and IGD are variants of the IGD proposed in order to overc...

AIM(S) With many countries facing current or impending nursing shortages, considering the impact of the multigenerational workforce, their needs and behaviours may impact on efforts to recruit and retain nurses. BACKGROUND As the nursing workforce changes, with ageing nurses, an increased demand for nursing care and an ageing population, greater emphasis is placed on an understanding of the w...

Intergenerational solidarity is and important phenomenon for strengthening  social cohesion and is an important immediate mechanism that has major role in the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation. But the distance between parents and youth, among generations, and this gap exists between the social system, with profound social problems facing the generation gap in the process in t...

An oldest-first generational garbage collector leaves intact the most recently allocated object space, and instead collects the remaining, older objects. Because these older objects have had more time to die, an oldestfirst copying collector will generally do less copying that a traditional generational collector (which operates youngest-first), a non-generational collector, and even Clinger an...

Literature Review Neil Howe and William Strauss, authors of such titles as Generations, the History of America’s Future, 15842069 and Millennials Rising, are credited with developing and popularizing the ‘generational theory,’ in which differences among generations are treated in a cyclical fashion.2 The majority of the literature that follows Howe and Strauss is largely concerned with human re...

The effects of cadmium toxicity may vary between animals with different history of metal exposure. The aim of our study was to examine HSP70, protein carbonyl levels, catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity in the heads of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) larvae originated from undergoing 1- and 44-generational cadmium treatment and in control (those that were not exposed to cadmium). We als...

Algorithm research of task scheduling is one of the key techniques in grid computing. This paper firstly describes a DAG task scheduling model used in grid computing environment, secondly discusses generational scheduling (GS) and communication inclusion generational scheduling (CIGS) algorithms. Finally, an improved CIGS algorithm is proposed to use in grid computing environment, and it has be...

Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individual...

The importance of trans-generational effects in shaping an individuals' phenotype and fitness, and consequently even impacting population dynamics is increasingly apparent. Most of the research on trans-generational effects still focuses on plants, mammals, and birds. In the past few years, however, increasing number of studies, especially on maternal effects, have highlighted their importance ...

Although technology discontinuities represent one of the most challenging organization events, the micro-processes by which incumbent organizations adapt to such technology transitions remain remarkably opaque. Some prior research has observed that during such discontinuities incumbents develop hybrid recombinations of the old and new technology. Although some work implies that such inter-gener...