Development of efficient molecular medicines, including gene therapeutics, RNA therapeutics, and DNA vaccines, depends on efficient means of transfer of DNA or RNA into the cell. Potential problems, including toxicity and immunogenicity, surrounding viral methods of DNA delivery have necessitated the use of nonviral, synthetic carriers. To better design synthetic carriers, or transfection reage...

S e p t e m b e r / O c t o b e r 1 9 9 9 I E E E S o f t w a r e 6 3 Software engineering researchers have long argued that the architecture of a system plays a pivotal role in coordinating development work. Over 30 years ago, Melvin Conway proposed what has since become known as Conway’s Law—that the structure of the system mirrors the structure of the organization that designed it.1 This rel...

This article introduces our research efforts to build the Essex Rovers’01 robot soccer team participated in the RoboCup-2001 competition. A modular design for implementing a behavior-based hierarchy is introduced, which consists of three modules such as Perception module, Cognition module and Action module. This architecture is used for the team to achieve intelligent actions in real time. The ...

This article presents a methodology for the modular design of redundant manipulators for im proved dynamic performance The modularity is obtained from a special decomposition of the design problem into smaller more manageable subproblems This decomposition corresponds to a division of the redundant mechanism into non redundant macro and mini substructures that will be designed separately The de...

I n order to study the human being locomotion system, a multi-degrees of freedom (DOFs) biped prototype equipped with flexible feet, which is named as ROBIAN, is developed. I n this paper, the conceptual design of the biped prototype R O B I A N is discussed. The features of the R O B I A N are: (a) parallel mechanism at the hip and the ankle, (b) modular design and (c) 1DOF active/passive join...

This study investigates the relationships among product/process modularity, organizational learning practices, and mass customization (MC) capability. Drawing on organizational learning theory, we propose that organizational learning practices help to embed the knowledge gained from modular design practices into organizational processes, enhancing MC capability. We empirically test the mediatin...

Modular design practices provide a lens on the link among product architecture, imitation, and the dynamic capabilities that sustain long-term performance. Looking at closed product systems, we propose that simplified links between design and performance outcomes in modular environments facilitate imitation. The same reduction in complexity drives development of dynamic capabilities. These take...