Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water is a widely used noninvasive method to measure movement of water from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment during cerebral ischemia. Lamotrigine, a neuronal Na(+) channel blocker, has been shown to attenuate the increase in extracellular concentrations of excit...

Exposure of Mongolian gerbils to a 100% oxygen atmosphere after 15 minutes of global brain ischemia resulted in a marked increase in the production of pentane, an in vivo product of lipid peroxidation. Much less pentane production occurred in animals subjected to global brain ischemia then exposed to an air atmosphere and in animals exposed to a 100% oxygen atmosphere without ischemia. Gerbils ...

Cardioplegia is used to partially alleviate the effects of surgically induced global ischemia injury; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this cardioprotection remain to be elucidated. To improve the understanding of the molecular processes modulating the effects of global ischemia and the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia, we constructed rabbit heart cDNA libraries and isolat...

In the current study, effects of acute short term administration of fructose on cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial infarction size following ischemia/reperfusion were investigated in isolated rat heart. The hearts were subjected to 30 min zero flow global ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion. In the control group, the hearts were perfused by normal drug free Krebs-Henseleit (K/H) solution t...

Although many studies have shown that administration of stem cells after focal cerebral ischemia improves brain damage, very little data are available concerning the damage induced by global cerebral ischemia. The latter causes neuronal death in selectively vulnerable areas, including the hippocampal CA1 region. We tested the hypothesis that intravenous infusion of bone marrowderived stromal ce...

Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), an inhibitor of endonuclease activity and other protein-nucleic acid interactions, blocks apoptosis in several cell types and prevents delayed death of hippocampal pyramidal CA1 neurons induced by transient global ischemia. Global ischemia in rats and gerbils induces down-regulation of GluR2 mRNA and increased alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic ac...

BACKGROUND During neurosurgical procedures, patients are often exposed to hypoxic and ischemic brain damage. Cerebral ischemia leads to neuronal cell death and eventually causes neurological impairments. Remifentanil is a new ultra-short acting phenylpiperidine opioid analgesic. In this study, we evaluated remifentanil to determine if it exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in the hippocampal dentat...

Apolipoprotein epsilon4 (apoE, protein; APOE, gene) allele is the most important genetic risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease and is also associated with poor outcome after brain injury. Although the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are currently unknown, recent experimental evidence suggests that APOE genotype may influence activity in the endocytic pathway of neurons. T...

BACKGROUND Rat brain perfusion models are critical to basic research, but they can be imprecise and/or not durable for extended outcome studies. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate a rat brain perfusion model that provides a simplified reliable brain perfusion circuit, reduces variables during experiment and recovery, and therefore permits more precise, reliable, and context-independent research data. ...

To compare the effects of hypoxia and ischemia on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, we studied 17 isolated, isovolumic dog hearts by measuring LV diastolic chamber distensibility (LV end diastolic pressure at constant volume), wall thickness, and myocardial pH in response to hypoxia at constant coronary flow or pressure versus global ischemia (zero coronary blood flow). Hypoxic perfusat...