Road selection for hazardous materials transportation relies heavily on risk analysis. With risk being generally expressed as a product of the probability of occurrence and the expected consequence, one will understand that risk analysis is data intensive. However, various authors have noticed the lack of statistical reliability of hazmat accident databases due to the systematic underreporting ...

One of the important aspects of distribution optimization problems is simultaneously, controlling the inventory while devising the best vehicle routing, which is a famous problem, called inventory-routing problem (IRP). When the lot-sizing decisions are jointed with IRP, the problem will get more complicated called production inventory-routing problem (PIRP). To become closer to the real life p...

Transportation in economic systems such as services, production and distribution enjoys a special and important position and provides a significant portion of the country's gross domestic product. Improvements in transportation system mean improvements in the traveling routes and the elimination of unnecessary distances in any system. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the practical co...

In recent years, great efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by vehicles. Petroleum products produces greenhouse gas emissions, therefore reducing the use of these products can make a major contribution to reducing pollution. The Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem is one of the most widely used routing branches. In this problem, there are vehicle with different capac...

We consider the problem of the transportation of hazardous materials on a road network (Hazardous Materials Transportation Problem). We can figure it this way: there are N trucks which have to transport some kind of dangerous material from one or many production points to one or many garbage dumps and we have to select a set of paths which is optimal from the point of view of risk, cost and equ...

this research presents and solves a new mathematical model for school bus routing problem (sbrp). sbrp is a specific case of vehicle routing problem (vrp). despite prevalent models, this model includes location and routing simultaneously. besides, the vehicles are non-homogenous. in addition, instead of locating schools which are the depots, we consider locating bus stops that are mentioned &ap...

mobile ad hoc networks (manets) are composed of mobile stations communicating through wireless links, without any fixed backbone support. in these networks, limited power energy supply, and frequent topology changes caused by node mobility, makes their routing a challenging problem. tora is one of the routing protocols that successfully copes with the nodes’ mobility side effects, but it doesn’...

A vehicle routing problem is a significant problem that has attracted great attention from researchers in recent years. The main objectives of the vehicle routing problem are to minimize the traveled distance, total traveling time, number of vehicles and cost function of transportation. Reducing these variables leads to decreasing the total cost and increasing the driver's satisfaction level. O...

simultaneous routing and resource allocation has been considered in wireless networks for its performance improvement. in this paper we propose a cross-layer optimization framework for worst-case queue length minimization in some type of fdma based wireless networks, in which the the data routing and the power allocation problem are jointly optimized with fuzzy distributed h∞ control strategy ....

This study aimed to determine whether the Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (HMCAS) personnel fulfil pre-hospital readiness requirements for hazardous material and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (HazMat-CBRN) incidents. cross-sectional performed an online assessment of non-specialist paramedics’ behaviour knowledge about HazMat-CBRN incident management, followed by a ‘Haz...