This article re-examines energy and nutrition available to British working-class households in the late 1930s using individual household expenditure consumption data. We use these data address a number of questions. First, what was extent malnutrition Britain? Second, how did incidence change over time? Third, were nutritional consequences school meals milk schemes? conclude that, for working h...

Background: Employed and unemployed women have their own problems. This could be more important for female headed households. Hardiness and resiliency are among the characteristics that are very important for fighting against the problems of life. The aim of this study is to Compare the psychological hardiness and resiliency of employed and unemployed female headed households.   Materials and ...

The phenomenon of youth-headed households in the region is a relatively recent development, precipitated by the effects of the AIDS pandemic at the household and community levels, as well as broader shifts in cultural values, family structures, and the global socioeconomic environment (Preble 1990; Hunter 2000). Despite the long history of fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, family and community s...

This paper sets out to answer two questions. First, are poor females at a significant disadvantage compared to males and non-poor females in terms of welfare indicators of such as health, education, nutrition, labor force participation, and time use? Second, are female-headed households over-represented among the poor? To answer these questions and maintain consistency in the definition of pove...

UK Households’ Carbon Footprint: A Comparison of the Association between Household Characteristics and Emissions from Home Energy, Transport and Other Goods and Services Does the association between household characteristics and household CO2 emissions differ for different areas such as home energy, transport, indirect and total emissions in the UK? Specific types of households might be more li...

Individual and household based aggregate measures of joblessness offer conflicting signals about labour market performance. This paper shows that while individual based measures of joblessness have remained fairly stable over the last 10 years or so and have fallen after highs in the early 1980s, household measures of joblessness have risen. Joblessness among the working age population has beco...

A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the impact of perceived quality and cost of utilisation of primary health care services, in relation to malaria, in rural and urban districts in Tanzania. This study intended to explore whether there are differences between rural and urban users in terms of their perceptions of quality of health services and how these perceptions affect househol...

BACKGROUND There has been ample discussion on the levels and trends of infant mortality in India over time, but what remains less explored are, the differentials in infant mortality according to household headship. This paper examined the differences in the determinants of infant mortality between male-headed households (MHH) and female-headed households (FHH). METHODS The study used Cox prop...

EPTD Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results, and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most Discussion Papers will eventually be published in some other form, and t hat their content may also be revised. ABSTRACT This study analyzes how market imperfections affect land productivity in a ...