in this paper, we present some inequalities for the co-pi index involving the some topological indices, the number of vertices and edges, and the maximum degree. after that, we give a result for trees. in addition, we give some inequalities for the largest eigenvalue of the co-pi matrix of g.

in this paper, we introduce the notion of primal strong co-ideals and give some results involving them. it is shown thatsubtractive strong co-ideals are intersection of all primal strong co-ideals that contain them. also we prove that the representation of strong co-ideals as reduced intersections of primal strong co-ideals is unique.

The International Journal of Health Policy and Management (IJHPM) is a new journal that aims to stimulate not only inter-disciplinary research relating to health, but even an entire new generation of such journals. The challenges of improving human health worldwide clearly suggest ‘why’ such a journal is needed, but ‘how’ bridges and junctions across fields of study towards this end might be fo...

Lehoux et al provide a timely and relevant turn on the broad and ongoing discussion around the introduction of health technology and innovation. More specifically, the authors suggest a demand-driven approach to health innovation that starts from identifying challenges and demands at the health system level. In this commentary, I review a number of underlying implications of their study in rela...

Background: The main viral causes of acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) include influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus, and parainfluenza viruses (PIV). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of respiratory RSV, ADV and rhinovirus in patients with flu-like symptoms admitted to Mazandaran province health centers in north of Iran. Metho...

abstract aim and materials: the aim of current study was to investigate the role of the personality traits and psychological health in staff's job satisfaction. methods and materials: using available sampling method 110 people of kharazmi university administrative staff were selected and assessed by big five factor of personality questionnaire, psychological health questionnaire and spector’s j...

Among wealthy nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as of 2013, the United States continues to stand out as the one with the lowest rate of health care coverage for its population. 1 In this respect, it remains an exception, and in many quarters this characteristic has earned the United States a reputation for backwardness in the realm of social ...

Individuals who dread the annual ritual of choosing a health insurance plan might take solace in learning that they are not alone in feeling overwhelmed by the complexity of plan choice. For many, selecting a health plan is a source of considerable confusion and distress. The complexity of plan choice arises in part fromwide variation among plans across the 4 features that determine how health ...

BACKGROUND Canada, when compared to other OECD countries, ranks poorly with respect to innovation and innovation adoption while struggling with increasing health system costs. As a result of its failure to innovate, the Canadian health system will struggle to meet the needs and demands of both current and future populations. The purpose of this initiative was to explore if a competition-based r...

This study examines the trend and determinants of health expenditures in OECD countries over the 1975-2004 period. Based on recent developments in the economic growth literature we propose and test the hypothesis that health care expenditures in countries of similar economic development level may converge. We hypothesise that the main drivers for growth in health care costs include: aging popul...