This paper sheds some light on the problems associated with random effects gravity approaches. Arguments for the superiority of a fixed effects model are given both along intuitive and econometric lines based on a Hausman test.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

This paper uses data drawn from the English Football League to model separate hazard rates for club managers for the 2001/2, 2002/3 and 2003/4 seasons. On average over the three seasons, approximately one-third of managers involuntarily exited employment status with their club. We model the hazard using a standard logistic model exploiting information on the spell at risk rather than the indivi...

Seasonal fluctuations in early life circumstances can be associated with later differences in health outcomes, especially for rural people in developing countries. Other evidence finds that access to markets and public services can help rural households improve their well-being. This study links these two phenomena, using spatial diversity across the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to invest...

background : health professionals face the adverse health effects of climate change and air pollution in their practices. this review underscores the effects of these environmental factors on maternal and children’s health, as the most vulnerable groups to climate change and air pollution. methods : we reviewed electronic databases for a search of the literature to find relevant studies publish...

This paper addresses the question of whether collective efficacy affects children’s use of preventive health care. In a low-income setting collective efficacy at the communitylevel is shown to increase parental investments in young children. The context for the research is Indonesia before and during the major economic downturn of the late 1990s— a period during which unexpected and substantial...

BACKGROUND Children may benefit greatly in terms of safety and care coordination from the information sharing promised by health information exchange (HIE). While information exchange capability is a required feature of the certified electronic health record, we known little regarding how this technology is used in general and for pediatric patients specifically. METHODS Using data from an op...

We present the frailtyHL package for fitting semi-parametric frailty models using hlikelihood. This package allows lognormal or gamma frailties for random-effect distribution, and it fits shared or multilevel frailty models for correlated survival data. Functions are provided to format and summarize the frailtyHL results. The estimates of fixed effects and frailty parameters and their standard ...

Background and Objective: Hypothyroidism leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity. This study examined the effect of weight gain caused by hypothyroidism on maternal health (hypertension, gestational diabetes, and miscarriage) for the first time. Materials and Methods: This case-control study consisted of 123 pregnant women with clinical hypothyroidism and 242 non-hypothyroid pregn...