The histone gene cluster on mouse chromosome 3 has been isolated as a series of overlapping P1 clones, covering 110-120 kb, by probing with the histone H3-614 gene that had been mapped previously to mouse chromosome 3. There are genes for 10 core histone proteins present in a 55-kb cluster within this contig. There are three histone H3 genes, two of which are identical; four histone H2a genes, ...

Protein methylation is a key post-translational modification whose effects on gene expression have been intensively studied over the last two decades. Recently, renewed interest in non-histone protein has gained momentum for its role regulating important cellular processes and activity of many proteins, including transcription factors, enzymes, structural complexes. The extensive dynamic that p...

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) maintain the balance of histone acetylation, and play important role in chromosome modification and gene expression. Histone deacetylases have been identified to modify acetylation of proteins other than histones and inhibit gene expression. Here we summarize the functions of histone deacetylases in glycometabolism including the...

Cold stress is a major environmental factor limiting agricultural expansion and crop yields, plants have developed diverse molecular mechanisms to cope with lifetime of exposure cold stress. Histone modifications play fundamental role in regulating chromatin dynamics transcriptional activation, either directly or through protein adaptors termed effectors. Growing evidence indicates that the rem...

Histone lysine acylation is a major class of histone post-translational modifications involved in essential biological activities, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA-damage repair, and cell-cycle progression. Abnormal strongly associated with various diseases, cancer. Thus, acetyltransferases (HATs), the “writers” that catalyze acylation, are promising targets for cancer treatment. Rapid d...

Background: Histone protein synthesis is essential for cell proliferation and required for the packaging of DNA into chromatin. In animals, histone proteins are provided by the expression of multicopy replication-dependent histone genes. Histone mRNAs that are processed by a histonespecific mechanism to end after a highly conserved RNA hairpin element, and lack a poly(A) tail. In vertebrates an...

The tail of histone H3 is an ideal medium for storing epigenetic information because displacement of histone H3 is heavily restricted during transcription. To maintain the locus-specific modifications of histone H3, histone molecules should be retained locally at the original position through multiple rounds of transcription. Here, we found that fission yeast Spt6, a highly conserved RNA polyme...

Background: The human endometrium undergoes cyclical changes including proliferation, differentiation, tissue breakdown and shedding (menstruation) throughout a woman’s reproductive life. The postovulatory rise in ovarian progestrone induces profound remodeling in chromatin structure of cells, and consequently differentiation of estradiol-primed endometrium. This change is crucial for embryo im...