Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are software algorithms designed to assist radiologists (or other practitioners) in solving a diagnostic problem by using a visual prompt (or "CAD mark") to direct the observer towards potential pathology. CT colonography is a recent arrival to CAD, but could represent one of its most fruitful applications in the future. In contrast to other organs, where ...

The main objective of this work is to exploit the relationship between the information findability problem and a subject-based organization of information. Identification of a subject is involved when one wants to say something about that subject or when he or she tries to comprehend what was said by others about it. An example of this type of duality can be seen in the information world where ...

No current treatment can reverse or ameliorate contrast-induced nephropathy once it occurs, but prophylaxis is possible. Many preventive measures have failed to show benefits in well-designed, prospective, randomized, double-blinded trials. This review will focus only on the prophylactic strategies that have possible or proven value.

Recent events have drawn attention to the issue of contagion. Dependencies among countries, including through trade links, will cause shocks to an individual country (or group of countries) to affect other countries, often on a regional basis. Such linkages are not contagion, but an increase in cross-market linkages after a shock to one country could be contagion. Weak countries’ economic funda...