Percival GH. An introduction to dermatology. Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1967. 2 Pillsbury DM, Shelley WB, Kligman AM. Dermatology. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1956. 3 Betterle C, Peserico A, Del Prete G, Trisotto A. Autoantibodies in alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1975;111 :927. 4 Safai B. Alopecia areata. In: Safai B, Good RA, eds. Immunodermatology. New York: Plenum Medical Book Company, 1981:35...

The homogeneity and heterogeneity in somatic mutations, copy number alterations and methylation across different cancer types have been extensively explored. However, the related exploration based on transcriptome data is lacking. In this study we explored gene expression profiles across 33 human cancer types using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We identified consistently upregulated gene...

Retrotransposons like L1 are silenced in somatic cells by a variety of mechanisms acting at different levels. Protective mechanisms include DNA methylation and packaging into inactive chromatin to suppress transcription and prevent recombination, potentially supported by cytidine deaminase editing of RNA. Furthermore, DNA strand breaks arising during attempted retrotranspositions ought to activ...

BACKGROUND An explosion of research has been done in discovering how human health is affected by environmental factors. I will discuss the impacts of environmental cancer causing factors and how they continue to cause multiple disruptions in cellular networking. Some risk factors may not cause cancer. Other factors initiate consecutive genetic mutations that would eventually alter the normal pa...

Human thyroid epithelial (follicular) cells give rise to two malignant tumors—"follicular" carcinomas, which metastasize almost exclusively via the bloodstream, and "papillary" carcinomas, which metastasize predominantly via lymphatics (Williams, E. D. In: W. Duncan (ed.), Recent Results in Cancer Research: Thyroid Cancer, pp. 47-55. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980). We have investigated whethe...

Regulators of the cell cycle such as cyclin E play an important part in neoplasia. The cyclin E protein forms a partnership with a specific protein kinase. This complex phosphorylates key substrates to initiate DNA synthesis. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are able to suppress the activity of cyclin E. Various substances (including proteins produced by oncogenic viruses) affect cycli...