Rhyolitic obsidians from Krafla volcano, Iceland, record the interaction between mobile hydrous species liberated during crystal growth and the reduction of ferric iron in the silicate melt. We performed synchrotron μ-FTIR and μ-XANES measurements along a transect extending from a spherulite into optically distinct colorless and brown glass zones. Measurements show that the colorless glass is e...

Introduction: CM carbonaceous chondrites have been constituent materials of hydrated planetesimals in the early solar system. They consist mainly of hydrous minerals as a result of extensive aqueous alteration. At a certain period after the aqueous alteration, many CM chondrites have been heated to higher temperature [e.g., 1], which caused evaporation loss of highly volatile elements [2] and d...

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft has three framing cameras (ONC-T, ONC-W1, and ONC-W2) for optical navigation to asteroid 1999 JU3. The ONC-T is a telescopic camera with seven band-pass filters in the visible and near-infrared range. These filters are placed on a wheel, which rotates to put a selected filter for different observations, enabling multiband imaging. Previous ground-based observations sugg...

We studied the dynamics of dissolved water in aluminosilicate glasses with the compositions NaAlSi3O8·0.3H2O, NaAlSi3O8·1.3H2O and Ca0.5AlSi3O8·1.3H2O using quasielastic neutron scattering. As shown by near-infrared spectroscopy on these samples, H2O molecules are the predominant hydrous species in the water-rich glasses whereas OH groups bound to tetrahedrally coordinated cations are predomina...

The surface characteristics of hydrous silica-coated TiO particles are experimentally studied. Different analytical techniques were 2 Ž . used to characterize the Si oxide coatings on TiO particles. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope HRTEM , z-potential 2 Ž . analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope XPS analyses show that hydrous silica is continuously coated on the surfa...

whose empiric formula is C6H12O6 • H2O, and whose molecular weight is 198.17. Nitroglycerin in 5% Dextrose Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of nitroglycerin and dextrose in water for injection. The solution is clear and practically colorless. Each 100 mL contains 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg nitroglycerin (added as Diluted Nitroglycerin, USP with propylene glycol); 5 g Dextrose Hydrous, ...

Plate tectonics is based on the concept of rigid lithosphere plates sliding on a mechanically weak asthenosphere. Many models assume that the weakness of the asthenosphere is related to the presence of small amounts of hydrous melts. However, the mechanism that may cause melting in the asthenosphere is not well understood. We show that the asthenosphere coincides with a zone where the water sol...

Infrared spectroscopy has been calibrated to provide a precise and accurate method for determining the concentrations of molecular water and hydroxyl groups in hydrous albitic glasses. At total water contents less than 4 wt. %, most of the water is dissolved as hydroxyl groups; at higher total water contents, molecular water becomes the dominant species. For total water cont~nts above 4 wt. %, ...

Introduction: Understanding the fragmentation of an asteroid is crucial to studying the origin of interplanetary dust particles. In the main belt it has been predicted that nearly 50% if the material is of a hydrated nature. Hydrated meteorites are rare, and thus valuable, so the majority of impact studies have focused on anhydrous targets. Because hydrous meteorites are scarce and disruption e...