Titanium and fluoride-containing hydroxyl apatite were synthesized through precipitation method following by a hydrothermal stage at 100oC for 6 hours. XRD analysis of the sample scalcinedat650oC for 1 hour revealed that all samples have pure apatite structure. The existence of Fluoride substitution in apatite structure was confirmed by FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis. Su...

the bulk of the world's phosphate reserves is located in sedimentary horizons that contain appreciable amounts of carbonate. during beneficiation of phosphate rocks, huge amounts of oversize phosphate rocks are rejected from crushers. this reject also mostly contains low tricalcium phosphate and high carbonate content. in this study, experiments have been carried out to reduce/eliminate carbona...

Stable carbon isotope analysis of fossil tooth enamel carbonate, and oxygen isotope analysis of bone or enamel phosphate, are established tools for palaeodietary and palaeoclimatic reconstruction, respectively. C/C ratios provide evidence of an animal’s diet and phosphate-based O/O values are used to establish palaeotemperature proxies. Recent studies of fossil enamel suggest that biogenic O/O ...

OBJECTIVE To comparatively investigate the inorganic composition and crystallographic properties of cortical and cancellous bone via thermal treatment under 700 °C. METHODS Thermogravimetric measurement, infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and X-ray photo-electron spectrometer were used to test the physical and chemical properties of cortical and cancellous bone at roo...

Lunar meteorites provide a wider sampling of the lunar surface compared to the samples collected during the Apollo and Luna Missions. Apatite is the main hydroxyl-bearing (proxy for water) mineral in lunar samples, especially in basaltic rocks. Apatite is also amenable to in-situ U-Pb age dating studies. The ages of lunar basaltic meteorites also span over a larger range compared to basaltic sa...

Raman microspectroscopy was used to examine the biochemical composition and molecular structure of extracellular matrix in spongy and subchondral bone collected from patients with clinical and radiological evidence of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip and from patients who underwent a femoral neck fracture, as a result of trauma, without previous clinical and radiological evidence of osteoar...

THIS PAPER REPORTS A METHOD for determining carbonate in carbonate-containing solids by means of the Van Slyke-Neill manometric apparatus, which is widely used for the determination of carbon dioxide in biologic fluids. The method is rapid, convenient, and quantitative, and it makes possible the determination of carbonate in solids by the average clinical laboratory without the purchase of addi...

The bulk of the world's phosphate reserves is located in sedimentary horizons that contain appreciable amounts of carbonate. During beneficiation of phosphate rocks, huge amounts of oversize phosphate rocks are rejected from crushers. This reject also mostly contains low tricalcium phosphate and high carbonate content. In this study, experiments have been carried out to reduce/eliminate car...

In continuing search for effective treatments of cancer, the emerging model aims at efficient intracellular delivery of therapeutics into tumor cells in order to increase the drug concentration. However, the implementation of this strategy suffers from inefficient cellular uptake and drug resistance. Therefore, pH-sensitive nanosystems have recently been developed to target slightly acidic extr...