This study investigates the determinants of informal entrepreneurship in Africa. Using a cross-section 21,954 firms from 47 African countries, estimates several multivariate models to examine factors that are associated with decision register at start their operation and length time remain unregistered. The findings show sector is complex context-bound as contextual unique Africa, such as, corr...

Family Location and Caregiving Patterns from an International Perspective This paper conducts a cross-national econometric analysis of intra-family location and caregiving patterns. First, we assess, from an international perspective, the relationship between family structure and the geographic proximity between adult children and their parents. We then examine whether differences in family str...

BACKGROUND Higher levels of frailty result in higher risks of adverse frailty outcomes such as hospitalisation and mortality. There are, however, indications that more factors than solely frailty play a role in the development of these outcomes. The presence of resources, e.g. sufficient income and good self-management abilities, might slow down the pathway from level of frailty to adverse outc...

This paper presents a model of partial observability applied to the childcare market in Britain. We simultaneously estimate the demand and use and calculate the excess demand for childcare. We find a large queue with nearly half of the mothers demanding childcare queuing for it. We also find that formal and informal care are not substitute, implying that policies increasing the supply of formal...

In this study, we examine new loan applications made by manufacturing firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We compare the pre-global crisis post-global applications. find that fewer manufacturers applied for a post-crisis (45.89% vs 29.91%). When main reasons not applying pre- vs. post-crisis, that, after crisis, more stated there was no need loan. Also, application procedures were complex...

in present paper, first the concept of informal economy and its place in the economic literature has been described. then the causes and factors involved in providing the informal sector was examined and the volume of informal economy was estimated. second, the effect of inflation on informal economy was surveyed. to estimate the volume of informal sector, residual discrepancy method was used a...

BACKGROUND Transfers of money and help with daily activities by family and friends are important sources of support for older people and contribute to their well being. On the other hand, older adults are not only recipients of support but also important providers of support and financial transfers as giving and receiving are often reciprocal. For this, it is important to understand the determi...