In this paper, we have proposed a numerical method for singularly perturbed  fourth order ordinary differential equations of convection-diffusion type. The numerical method combines boundary value technique, asymptotic expansion approximation, shooting method and  finite difference method. In order to get a numerical solution for the derivative of the solution, the given interval is divided  in...

a theoretical solution is presented for the forced convection heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the giesekus constitutive equation in a concentric annulus under steady state, laminar, and purely tangential flow. a relative rotational motion exists between the inner and the outer cylinders, which induces the flow. a constant temperature was set in both cylinders, in this study. the f...

Nowadays, magnetic gears (MGs) have become an alternative choice for mechanical gears because of their low maintenance, improved durability, indirect contact between inner and outer rotors, no lubrication, and high efficiency. Generally, although these advantages, MGs suffer from inherent issues, mainly the cogging torque. Therefore, cogging torque mitigation has become an active research area....

When rails are laid in a railway track, small gaps are left between the ends of adjoining rails to allow for the expansion of the rails when the temperature rises. Rail joints are provided to form a continuous rail path which are normally laid in standard lengths bolted together by fishplates. When two rail joints are exactly opposing each other, they are called square (side by side) joints...

We have recently proposed a manifold-based trust-region method to compute extreme eigenpairs of symmetric matrix pencils [3]. The general optimization method had been shown [1, 2] to enjoy strong global and local convergence properties, which are inherited by its ”brute force” application to the extreme eigenproblem. However, the trust-region mechanism, which restricts the norm of the update in...

Based on the general inner-outer (GIO) iteration method [5,34] and framework [6], we present a multi-step matrix splitting (GMMS) for computing PageRank, analyze its overall convergence property. Moreover, same idea can be used as preconditioning technique accelerating Krylov subspace methods, such GMRES method. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate effectiveness of propos...

We design and study an adaptive algorithm for the numerical solution of the stationary nonlinear Stokes problem. The algorithm can be interpreted as a disturbed steepest descent method, which generalizes Uzawa’s method to the nonlinear case. The outer iteration for the pressure is a descent method with fixed step-size. The inner iteration for the velocity consists of an approximate solution of ...

The finite element setting for nonlinear elliptic PDEs directly leads to the minimization of convex functionals. Uniform ellipticity of the underlying PDE shows up as strict convexity of the arising nonlinear functional. The paper analyzes computational variants of Newton’s method for convex optimization in an affine conjugate setting, which reflects the appropriate affine transformation behavi...

Background and Objectives: Onion (Allium cepa L.) possesses aromas and flavours, which have made them one of important ingredients of food. In addition, recent publications have reported that onion and its extract have many biological properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. Yellow and White Sweet Spanish onions belonging to Amaryllidaceae, are cultivated all over Iran as a condiment, ...