Although Gardner and his associates’ work was most influential in the field of L2 motivation, from the early 1990s onwards, their work has been criticized for several reasons. Some researchers claimed that integrative and instrumental orientations were no longer able to convey the complexity of the L2 motivation construct. To examine this complexity, the present study attempted to investigate t...

Mindfulness-as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across a diverse group of psychological disorders as well as for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity in the operationalization of this construct, and underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological mode...

Purpose To determine the relative effectiveness of multidisciplinary integrative care compared to chiropractic care for chronic LBP in patients over 18 years of age using pain as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes were patient self-reported disability, global perceived effect, general health status, satisfaction, self-efficacy, fear avoidance behavior, lumbar dynamic motion, and tr...

Research has identified a large number of strategies that people use to self-enhance or self-protect. We aimed for an empirical integration of these strategies. Two studies used self-report items to assess all commonly recognized self-enhancement or self-protection strategies. In Study 1 (N=345), exploratory factor analysis identified 4 reliable factors. In Study 2 (N=416), this model was valid...

BACKGROUND Fire-setting and self-harm behaviours among women in high security special hospitals may be understood using Shye's Action System Theory (AST) in which four functional modes are recognized: 'adaptive', 'expressive', 'integrative', and 'conservative'. AIMS To test for relationships between different forms of fire-setting and self-harm behaviours and AST modes among women in special ...

The 4-fold completive self-sorting of a ten-component library (7 dissimilar donors and 3 different acceptors) resulted in the clean self-assembly of four dynamic orthogonal complexes although ≥143 combinations are conceivable. Due to the non-interference of the complexes, each ligand of the four combinations was embedded to one side of the quadrilateral to serve as a linkage at one metal corner...