Educational assessment concerns inference about students’ knowledge, skills, and accomplishments. Because data are never so comprehensive and unequivocal as to ensure certitude, test theory evolved in part to address questions of weight, coverage, and import of data. The resulting concepts and techniques can be viewed as applications of more general principles for inference in the presence of u...

This study seeks to examine how a company can select the best intermediary for its Marketing channels with minimum of criteria and time. A theoretical framework is proposed based on the most important tasks of intermediary and the criteria to measure them. There are four basic tasks and thirty criteria in three independent levels. Subsequently, an exploratory case study in Iranian Food industry...

Résumé. La fusion d’informations fait intervenir plusieurs sources d’informations afin d’améliorer la décision en terme de certitude et de précision. Quelle que soit l’approche retenue pour réaliser la fusion d’informations, l’hypothèse d’indépendance est généralement une hypothèse forte et incontournable. Nous proposons dans cet article une approche permettant d’intégrer une mesure d’indépenda...

This paper analyzes the challenges of tailoring feedback to the student’s response certitude during the assessment in Web-based Learning systems (WBLSs). We present the summary of the results of a series of experiments related to the online assessment of students through multiplechoice quizzes, where students had to select the confidence level and were able to request different kinds of feedbac...

This research contributes to the understanding of how different practices of innovation management are related to midand long-term growth and profitability. Governments and regional development agencies invest relevant budgets to foster innovation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and improve their innovation management practices to make them more competitive. Nevertheless, it is not clear...