The lack of a unified jurisdictional rule in civil and commercial issues at international level and global nature of cyberspace caused that effect of a legal acts exceeds the bounds of a country and several courts exercise their jurisdiction to one legal relation by resorting to various factors. To avoid this unwanted jurisdiction, parties of international contract attempted to determine the co...

International Law has it's Constituent elements (legal systems, regimes and collections of rules); Those have  interrelations from which legal networks are created. Having this in mind,  the question is whether these Constituent elements only have horizental nexus or are ordered by means of factors which unified them in a vertical manner and because of that International Law is named legal orde...

The conflict between the rights of States as the primary subjects of international law on the one hand and the rights of individuals as the subsidiary subjects of this legal corpus on the other hand is crystallized in the twenty-first century. Among others, the conflict between the right of individuals to have access to judicial remedies and States immunity from national judicial jurisdiction i...