B USINESS gurus point out that successful firms often carefully strategise about what to sell, where to sell, how to sell, and how and where to manufacture their goods and services. Suppose a country, drawing inspiration from such firms, were to formulate a set of economic policies to become globally competitive in leading economic sectors. How specific or encompassing would such policies be an...

What is the e®ect of national antitrust policies in a world with international trade? Traditionally, economic analysis of mergers has assumed a closed economy, which as we show in this paper, may lead to errant policy in an open economy. We use a very simple model to highlight some key issues in optimal competition policy when trade is important, and compare the nationally optimal number of ̄rm...

At the turn of the last century, the Argentine economy was on a path to prosperity that never fully developed. International trade and trade policies are often identified as a major culprit. In this paper, we review the history of Argentine trade policy to uncover its exceptional features and to explore its contribution to the Argentine debacle. Our analysis tells a story of bad trade policies,...

T HE main goal of international trade liberalisation is to establish a trading environment in which all firms compete on an equal footing. This includes a concern that all firms should pay the full costs of the inputs that are used in the production process. Where the production generates external costs, the Polluter Pays Principle has been widely accepted as indicating that the firm should bea...

the concept of virtual water trade refers to transact of the water consumed for production of goods and agricultural products through international trade. the anthony allan introduced this concept to improve global water used efficiency. in this paper, the original theory of allen has been investigated through incorporating virtual water as a factor of production in heckscher-ohlin internationa...

Global freshwater resources are under increasing pressure from economic development, population growth, and climate change. The international trade of water-intensive products (e.g., agricultural commodities) or virtual water trade has been suggested as a way to save water globally. We focus on the virtual water trade network associated with international food trade built with annual trade data...

Integrated – economic, environmental, and social – assessment tools can provide a clear indication of both the positive and the negative impacts of trade liberalisation from which effective policies to reduce the negative impacts, and strengthen the positive ones can be developed. Assessments feeding into the policy development process can promote increased integration of environmental and soci...

Conditional on the level of membership of an International Environmental Agreement, trade in emissions allowances reduces aggregate abatement costs and promotes efficiency. Using a safety valve (a price ceiling) together with trade leads to a further increase in efficiency, conditional on membership. However, both of these policies reduce the extent to which a potential signatory to an Internat...

Along the global trend of economic development, it is often observed rapid industrial transformation accompanied by contitual rural-urban migration. In many developing countries there are yet abundant supplies of “surplus labor.”We construct a small open, dynamic framework to examine how the existence of this large supply of rural, unskilled labor a¤ects trade, urbanization, capital accumulatio...