Background: To manage public expenditures in the mid-1990s, British Columbia implemented evidence-based drug coverage policies, including " reference pricing. " Industry lobbied against the province' s policy, arguing that reference pricing harms patients and that it is inconsistent with federal and provincial legislation. Researchers and the courts have studied and rejected industry' s claims....

Financial literacy of investors reduces uncertainty on future decisions and increases predictability of investment policies in financial markets. Thus, the lack of clear information on financial markets is a determining factor in the arrival of domestic and foreign capitals and their quick exit in case of crisis. The lack of transparency and basic knowledge on decisions and failure to provide r...

Organized by three distinguished members of the JBS Editorial Board – Marc Bickle, PhD, of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (Germany); Hakim Djaballah, PhD, of Institut Pasteur Korea (South Korea); and Lorenz Martin Mayr, PhD, of AstraZeneca (UK) – this special issue demonstrates how RNAi is enjoying a revival of popularity and is increasingly being applied to dis...

We present a bilevel optimization approach to designing effective and efficient incentive policies for promoting renewable energy. The effectiveness of an incentive policy is its capability to achieve a goal that would not be achievable without it. Renewable portfolio standard is used in this thesis as the policy goal. The efficiency of an incentive policy is measured by the amount of intervent...

Investment is essential for growth and for job creation. It integrates the EU in global value chains to achieve a stronger economic recovery. EU policies are geared towards increasing investment as part of the recovery. The EU already is the world's largest source and destination of foreign direct investment (FDI), and therefore has a strong interest to facilitate and protect international inve...

This study provides evidence that managerial incentives, shaped by compensation contracts, help to explain the empirical relationship between uncertainty and investment. We develop a model in which the manager, induced by an incentive contract, makes investment decisions for a firm that faces time-varying volatility. In the model, a manager’s privately optimal investment response to a volatilit...

This paper presents an investigation into the relationship between investment and savings in Australia over the period 1960-2007. Using four time series techniques our results reveal that the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle exists in a weak form with a lower saving retention coefficient. Granger Causality tests illustrate that savings Granger cause investment both in the short and long runs. Our resul...

 Imperfect production processes lead to imperfect products and decrease the profit of a business. Improvement in the production process by increasing the investment cost will decrease the defective percentage of items. This study develops an EPQ model with investments on imperfect production processes under limited capital. An algorithm is developed to derive the replenishment and investment p...

The standard model of optimal growth, interpreted as a model of a market economy with infinitely long-lived agents, does not allow separation of the savings decisions of agents from the investment decisions of firms. Investment is essentially passive: the "one good" assumption leads to a perfectly elastic investment supply; the absence of installation costs for investment leads to a perfectly e...