Observations of carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes were made using the Phoenix spectrograph on the Gemini South telescope to determine the abundance of small carbon chain molecules. Vibration–rotation lines of the ν3 antisymmetric stretch of C3 near 2040 cm−1 (4.902 μm) have been used to determine the column density for four carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes: CRL 865, CRL 1922, CRL 2023 and ...

The present study on politeness is an attempt to examine (dis)agreeing strategies utilized by EFL learners while chatting on the internet. Subjects of the study were forty male and thirty-three female Iranian natives whose internet relay chat (IRC) interactions, composed of 400 excerpts, were collected between December 2007 and September 2008. Data analysis was based on the general taxonomy of ...

The circumstellar envelopes of very evolved, late-type asymptotic giant branch stars exhibit complex molecular structure. The most striking of these objects is the carbon star IRC +10216 (CW Leo), where over 50 molecular species, including carbon chains with up to nine carbon atoms, have been detected. The envelope of IRC +10216 is now known to contain dust shells of enhanced density which are ...

Despite the increasing botnet threat, research in the area of botmaster traceback is limited. The four main obstacles are 1) the low-traffic nature of the bot-to-botmaster link; 2) chains of “stepping stones;” 3) the use of encryption along these chains; and 4) mixing with traffic from other bots. Most existing traceback approaches can address one or two of these issues, but no single approach ...

In this paper we investigate the main limitations of the existing Intelligent Route Control (IRC) model at the ASlevel. Among such limitations we found that all solutions available at present are standalone. As a side-effect, they can only provide one-way route control, i.e., they can intelligently control how traffic flows from an AS but not how it flows into the AS. Furthermore, all available...

In this paper, we address the issue of reasoning with two classes of commonly used semantic integrity constraints in database and knowledge{base systems: implication constraints and referential constraints. We rst consider a central problem in this respect, the IRC{refuting problem, which is to decide whether a conjunctive query always produces an empty relation on ((nite) database instances sa...

Abstract International research collaboration (IRC) has been relevant for the development of national scientific systems. In Africa, given limited resources devoted to and (R&D) activities crucial role that knowledge generated through can have in socioeconomic development, IRC may be an opportunity strengthen capabilities. While geographical, economic, political/governance, cultural, intell...

Infrared emission from the dust shell around IRC+10216 is analysed in detail, employing a self-consistent model for radiatively driven winds around late-type stars that couples the equations of motion and radiative transfer in the dust. The resulting model provides agreement with the wealth of available data, including the spectral energy distribution in the range 0.5–1000 μm, and visibility an...

This article examines a set of interactions (logs) takenfrom t h e f a n of computer-mediated communicntion known as Internet Relay Chat (IRC). The authors were particularly concerned with the interaction management strategies adopted by the participants in the logs during the opening and closing phases of the interactions to d m l o p interpersonal relationships and communicate socioemotional ...