This study investigated the mechanism by which activated carbon removes trichloramine, a byproduct of water treatment that has a strongly offensive chlorinous odor. A stoichiometrical mass balance for ¹⁵N before and after activated carbon treatment of laboratory-prepared ¹⁵N-labeled trichloramine solutions clearly revealed that the mechanism of trichloramine removal with activated carbon was no...

Chlorine oxidation followed by treatment with activated carbon was studied as a possible method for removing radioactive iodine from water. Chlorination time, chlorine dose, the presence of natural organic matter (NOM), the presence of bromide ion (Br⁻), and carbon particle size strongly affected iodine removal. Treatment with superfine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) after 10-min oxidation wi...

To provide reliable communications in wireless environments, two fundamental error control mechanisms, automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC) are proposed. However, the ARQ mechanism may suffer frequent retransmissions and the FEC mechanism incurs bandwidth overhead. To reduce the number of retransmissions and support efficient correction, previous studies have propos...

The topographic slope method is an innovative, fast and very low-cost technique for estimating the average S-wave velocity in upper 30 m (Vs30) based on relationship between this quantity of ground, obtained using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). good linear correlations log(Vs30)–log(slope) found experimentally, which, ideally, should be determined each region. If measured Vs30 data are not av...