The domestication of animals made available stable sources of protein and enabled the development of human civilization (Mason, 1984; Diamond, 2002). Molecular and archaeological studies indicate complex phylogeographical histories of the animals used for meat (e.g. Lau et al., 1998; Luikart et al., 2001; Troy et al., 2001; Jansen et al., 2002; Beja-Pereira et al., 2004; Larson et al., 2005; Pe...

Background: Selecting the treatment of choice for multilevel cervical myelopathy remains a controversial issue. The most important factor in choosing a treatment method for patients with cervical myelopathy is the sagittal curvature and the site of compressive pathology. Methods: A total of 20 cases were available for the last 4 years with acceptable follow-up (f/u) of at least one year after s...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean basin and Iran. Different methods are used for diagnosis of VL. The aims of this study were expression and purification of recombinant A2 (rA2) protein of L.infantum and its application in the diagnosis of VL. The serological diagnosis of VL was applied using rA2 protein. In this study, A2 gene of ...

Modifying human activities is key to achieving land degradation neutrality in rangelands. Rangeland stakeholders encompass different ownership regimes; however, little known about whether models benefit or degrade social conditions and ecosystem services the Middle East. The aim of this research was determine effects Collective Council on ecological indicators wintery rangeland Iran. study incl...

Introduction The Coastal terrace is a unique tectonic complication in Iran and covers more than half of the Oman Sea coast from Jask to Quatre. These beaches are constantly rising and this has greatly influenced the morphology of the formation and deformation of Makran coasts marine terrace, which can be seen in the formation of coastal cliffs in these areas. But one of the important quest...

Introduction: Lower back and leg pain are frequently seen pathologies in pregnancy. However, a small proportion of these complaints develop in association with lumbar disc hernias. Due to maternal and fetal factors, diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy has to be different than for non-pregnant patients. Methods: A 36 year old, 28-week pregnant patient presented with ever-increasing pain in ...

Bats are unusual among mammals in showing great ecological diversity even among closely related species and are thus well suited for studies of adaptation to the ecological background. Here we investigate whether behavioral flexibility and simpleand complex-rule learning performance can be predicted by foraging ecology. We predict faster learning and higher flexibility in animals hunting in mor...