Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), also called neuronal-specific protein gene product 9.5, is a highly abundant protein in the neuronal cell body and has been identified as a possible biomarker on the basis of a recent proteomic study. In this study, we examined whether UCH-L1 was significantly elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following controlled cortical impact (CCI) and middle ...

Medical countermeasures to prevent or treat smallpox are needed due to the potential use of poxviruses as biological weapons. Safety concerns with the currently available smallpox vaccine indicate a need for research on alternative poxvirus vaccine strategies. Molecular vaccines involving the use of proteins and/or genes and recombinant antibodies are among the strategies under current investig...

The neural adhesion molecule L1 mediates the axon outgrowth, adhesion, and fasciculation that are necessary for proper development of synaptic connections. L1 gene mutations are present in humans with the X-linked mental retardation syndrome CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia, hydrocephalus). Three missense mutations associated with CRASH syndrome reside...

The 505 amino acid L1 protein of the human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV 11) is the major capsid polypeptide that has been shown to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vivo and in vitro. While L1 is essential for viral infection, expression studies in mammalian cells have been hampered by different codon preference between the virus and its host. To optimize L1 gene expression in ma...

Many human cancers have been reported to have enhanced expression of the immune checkpoint molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which binds to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expressed on immune cells. PD-L1/PD-1 plays a role in inhibition of antitumor immunity by inducing T cell apoptosis and tolerance. Thus, it is crucial to elucidate mechanisms of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells. ERO1...

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is highly expressed in neurons. A possible role for UCH-L1 in neurodegeneration has been highlighted because of its presence in Lewy bodies associated with Parkinson disease and neurofibrillary tangles observed in Alzheimer disease. UCH-L1 exists in two forms in neurons, a soluble cytoplasmic form (UCH-L1(C)) and a mem...

The L1 adhesion molecule functions in axon growth and guidance, but a role in synaptic development of cortical inhibitory interneurons is largely unexplored. L1 mediates adhesion by engaging the actin cytoskeleton through binding the actin/spectrin adapter protein ankyrin. Loss of L1-ankyrin interaction impaired process elaboration/branching by GABAergic interneurons, including basket cells, an...

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint has shown the good outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression and their correlation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and association with survival in NSCLC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of PD-1 (NAT105, Cell Marque)...

The human LINE-1/L1 ORF2 protein is a multifunctional enzyme which plays a vital role in the life cycle of the human L1 retrotransposon. The protein consists of an endonuclease domain, followed by a central reverse transcriptase domain and a carboxy-terminal C-domain with unknown function. Here, we explore the nucleic acid binding properties of the 180-amino acid carboxy-terminal segment (CTS) ...

A Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-derived vector was used to express a native Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana by means of infectious in vitro RNA transcripts inoculated onto N. benthamiana plants. HPV-16 L1 protein expression was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) after concentration of the plant extract. We estimated that the L1 product ...