ion is shown here using Italics The Automated Extraction of Requirements From UML Models 14 Relationships When a use case includes another use case, the included use case is an integral part of the including process. When a use case extends another use case, the extending use case is optionally part of the process it extends.

Multiword expressions are an integral part of language. Their heterogeneous characteristics have proved a challenge to both linguistic and computational analysis. Their importance to language technology has long been recognised. In this special issue we include ten papers which propose a variety of approaches for finding and handling these expressions, both for building general purpose lexical ...

A new technique for the implementation of cell-centered nite volume schemes is proposed. It is based on a recently found equivalence between these schemes and the non-conforming Crouzeix-Raviart nite element approximation. Though the implementation somewhat increases the number of unknowns, it brings two signiicant advantages that make it attractive. On the one hand the resulting formulation is...

Code-switching (CS), an alternation between two or more languages or language varieties, has long been researched in language education. A great number of studies by applied linguists have explored the reasons for, and the potential usages of code-switching in foreign language education over the past years. This study explores the perceptions of English language learners across various proficie...

attending language and the science of linguistics is of an old background, and has been enjoying a special status in the two past centuries. since islam has a lingual foundation too, it is appropriate to reinvestigate and survey foundation of this religion, i.e., its language, through a new look which is proportional to the modern functions of language. the role of language in establishing a cu...

Model processing tasks, like model checking, merging, slicing, and synthesis, need efficient and maintainable mechanisms to define models, as well as to query, compare and manipulate information in them. Although the Object Constraint Language (OCL) is primarily meant for expressing constraints for UML models, it can also be used for various model processing purposes. In this paper we discuss t...