the concept of right as one of the fundamental concepts of the law, policy and ethics, has been entered into legal discourse of iranian community. however, right is a contested concept, and any discussion of it requires theorizing. despite offering different views about the nature of right that can be categorized under two theories named will-based theory and utility-based theory, it seems that...

Social contexts substantially influence individual behavior, but little is known about how they affect cognitive processes related to voluntary action. Previously, it has been shown that social context reduces participants' sense of agency over the outcomes of their actions and outcome monitoring. In this fMRI study on human volunteers, we investigated the neural mechanisms by which social cont...

Introduction The collection, use and disclosure of information in the context of assisted human reproduction warrant careful consideration. Consider the stories of Charles and Meera. Charles is interested in donating sperm anonymously. Charles’ sister and her partner used anonymous sperm to create their family, and he wants to help someone else do the same. But when he learns of the information...

Medical errors are a serious problem in health care and a major concern to patients as well as to the health care industry. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has long been committed to a systematic approach to the issue of patient safety in medical practice. As the lead agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services working to prevent errors and improve patie...

The management of language resources requires several legal aspects to be taken into consideration. In this paper we discuss a number of these aspects which lead towards the formation of a legal framework for a language resources management agency. The legal framework entails examination of; the agency’s stakeholders and the relationships that exist amongst them, the privacy and intellectual pr...

Hospitals are awash with patient experience data, much of it collected with the ostensible purpose of improving the quality of patient care. However, there has been comparatively little consideration of the nature and capacities of data itself. Using insights from actor-network theory, we propose that paying attention to patient experience data as having agency in particular hospital interactio...

The USSR possessed a unique national public health system that included an agency named "anti-plague system." Its mission was to protect the country from highly dangerous diseases of either natural or laboratory etiology. During the 1960s, the anti-plague system became the lead agency of a program to defend against biological warfare, codenamed Project 5. This responsibility grew and by the mid...