Background In 2004, the health system in Iran initiated an organizational reform aiming to increase the autonomy of teaching hospitals and make them more decentralized. The policy led to the formation of a board of trustees in each hospital and significant modifications in hospitals’ financing. Since the reform aimed to improve its predecessor policy (implementation of hospital autonomy began i...

caucasus has been an important region for turkey since the collapse of the soviet :union:. this importance emanates from the region’s own natural resources, its position at the crossroads of the oil and gas rich regions of the world and chronic political instability and security threats. turkey as the key neighbour of the caucasus has experienced state – led fundamental and structural changes w...

The useful life of an LED is presently determined by the IESNA LM80-08 lumen maintenance standard. Even though an LED system has many components, the current industry practice rates LED system lifetime based on a single component, namely, the LED. LED system life is one of the least understood parameters, especially in application environments. As a result, any lifetime claim for a complete LED...

the link between international conflict and economy linkage is one of the focal subjects in international political economy (ipe). the aim of this article is to scrutinise the impact of the economic factor on managing indo-pakistan conflict based on ipe approaches. so, the article organizes as follows: first, it is tried to provide a brief coherent theoretical framework concentrated on conflict...

The revelations by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden have led to policy reform debates in several countries and to policy change in some, including a new legislative framework in the UK—the Investigatory Powers Act. In this article, we trace the forces and dynamics that have shaped this particular policy response. We investigate key controversies over the types and extent of surveillance; the ca...

This study aims to evaluate the effect of LED lighting during incubation of Fayoumi eggs on hatchability and hatch chick performance. The experiment was carried out in three groups with total number of 2100 eggs. Eggs were incubated 24 h of complete darkness (G1); 24 h of complete LED lighting (G2); and 12 h of LED lighting then 12 h of darkness (G3). From the obtained results, there were no ef...

This paper presents the design and develops of voltage acceptability curves for LED lamps. It is done with the mathematical representation of DC bus voltage of LED lamps internal ballast circuit during voltage sags. First, experimental analysis was done to determine the effect of voltage sag of LED lamp. From the findings on the variation of DC bus voltage during voltage sag, a mathematical equ...