This article compares the M’Naghten Rules and some of the principal variations found in the Commonwealth of Nations for the purpose of formulating the best possible provision on the defence of insanity. The discussion is enhanced by evaluations of the concept of diminished responsibility operating in the Commonwealth, and of the provision on insanity in the Statute of the International Criminal...

Eyewitness identifications play an important role in the investigation and prosecution of crimes, but it is well known that eyewitnesses make mistakes, often with serious consequences. In light of these concerns, the National Academy of Sciences recently convened a panel of experts to undertake a comprehensive study of current practice and use of eyewitness testimony, with an eye toward underst...

When a digital incident occurs there are generally three courses of actions that are taken, generally dependant on the type of organisation within which the incident occurs, or which is responding the event. In the case of law enforcement the priority is to secure the crime scene, followed by the identification of evidentiary sources which should be dispatched to a specialist laboratory for ana...

in the previous article written by the author of this paper we saw that economic principles governing  legislation policy in the field of copyright make legislator enact efficient laws and regulations on copyright and prevent him to enact contrary regulations in the same fields. the previous article considered three economic principles and now this article tries to examine two economic principl...

t he holy religion of islam regards god as the real legislator. now the question is: does the holy prophet muhammad enjoys the right of legislation too? this is an issue of disagreement between the experts. the consequence of the viewpoint of those who recognize the above-mentioned right for the prophet and the imams is to hold that the religion is imperfect; that the theory of expansion of sha...

As taxation is one of the key public policy domains influencing population health, and as there is a legal, strategic, and programmatic basis for health impact assessment (HIA) in Finland, we analyzed all 235 government bills on tax legislation over the years 2007–2014 to see whether the health impacts of the tax bills had been assessed. We found that health impacts had been assessed for 13 bil...

contemporary enhancement of medical sciences along with the possibility of cure for barrenness via (art) made hope for many barren couples; so that, the technique was soon warmly received by infertile couples all over the world. the new situation has raised certain questions in respects of morality, legal, sanitation, social, psychology and religion status. consequently, comprehensive supportin...

a Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands b Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, De Boelelaan 1077a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands c Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1077, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Pho...

Conversations are a basic unit of analysis in studies of human interaction. These units are conventionally distinguished by reference to the set of ratified participants who take part, often by appeal to their physical proximity/orientation. We show that within such conversational units there are distinct dialogue contexts which are more fine-grained than this. We present experimental evidence ...