PURPOSE To estimate heritability and locate quantitative trait loci influencing axial length. DESIGN Classic twin study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred ninety-three individuals from 460 families were recruited through the Twin Eye Study in Tasmania and the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study (BATS) and had ocular axial length measured. METHODS Str...

BACKGROUND Telomere dysfunction is involved in the development of breast cancer and very short telomeres are frequent genetic alterations in breast tumors. However, the influence of telomere lengths of specific chromosomal arms on the breast cancer risk is unknown. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of breast cancer to examine the associations of the telomere length on chromosome 9 sho...

Metaphase describes a phase of mitosis where chromosomes are attached and oriented on the bipolar spindle for subsequent segregation at anaphase. In diverse cell types, the metaphase spindle is maintained at characteristic constant length [1-3]. Metaphase spindle length is proposed to be regulated by a balance of pushing and pulling forces generated by distinct sets of spindle microtubules (MTs...

Genetic variations were studied for 13 accessions of Lolium multiflorum using cytogenetical traits. Karyotype was prepared for 5 metaphases cells of each accession and the traits of total length (TL), long arm (LA), short arm (SA), arm ratio (AR) and centromer index (CI) were determined by micromeasure software. Six accessions were diploid and seven accessions were tetraploid, the basic chromos...

In the current investigation, karyotype analysis and chromosome characteristics of six populations of Calendula officinalis L.(pot marigold) from Iran are studied. Results showed that all populations were diploid (2n= 2x= 32), and had symmetrical karyotypes composing mainly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The mean chromosome length ranged from 1.05 in Karaj to 1.50 μm in...

In a study of Plagiomnium undulatum from Poland, variability in karyotype formula and chromosome set length contrasted with high uniformity of chromosome number. Haploid chromosome number n = 6 was counted in 215 of 216 metaphases of plants originating from five populations, and n = 7 (6 + 1m) in one cell. The chromosomes were examined and ranked by total and relative length and arm ratio. The ...

Abstract Variable-length encoding evolutionary algorithm has been proved effective in small and medium-sized reversible logic synthesis. chromosome is adopted because the length of optimal circuit unknown. However, it leads to huge search space. The improved two-stage hybrid synthesis proposed reduce space enhance feasible ratio. Fixed variable-length are applied two stages respectively. Estima...

Shortened telomere length may cause chromosomal instability in Barrett's esophagus and thus promote tumorigenesis. However, whether short telomere length in all chromosomes or just some of them is associated with increased esophageal cancer (EC) risk is largely unknown. To address this question, we examined the overall and chromosome-specific telomere lengths of 17p, 12q, 2p, and 11q and assess...

A new evolutionary technique for evolving mathematical expressions called Mathematical Expressions Evolver (MEXE) is proposed in this paper. Each MEXE chromosome is a string of operands and operators. Each subexpressions encoded in a chromosome is considered a potential solution of the problem. The best of these expressions is chosen to represent the chromosome. In this way variable length expr...