Résumé This paper considers the threat of stricter regulation as a policy instrument to enhance innovation into cleaner technology. It is argued that in some contexts the government would find it optimal to regulate with positive probability but not with certainty. In those contexts the optimal policy is indeed made of regulatory threats; furthermore, we show that it is time-consistent, credibl...

We introduce a new approach for manually constructing broad-coverage lexical ressources based on a specific type of lexical network called lexical system. Drawing on experience gained from the construction of the French Lexical Network (fr-LN), we begin by formally characterizing lexical systems as “small-world” graphs of lexical units that are primarily organized around the system of Meaning-T...

Lexicon-Grammar tables are a very rich syntactic lexicon for the French language. This linguistic database is nevertheless not directly suitable for use by computer programs, as it is incomplete and lacks consistency. Tables are defined on the basis of features which are not explicitly recorded in the lexicon. These features are only described in literature. Our aim is to define for each tables...

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente une description des constructions antithétiques, que l’on a intégrée à une grammaire formelle du français spontané dont l’objectif est d’être finalement utilisée pour le TAL. Ces constructions ont pour caractéristique d’être soumises à des contraintes provenant simultanément de domaines divers (lexique, syntaxe, sémantique et pragmatique). Nous présentons ici une de...

VerbNet is an English lexical resource for verbs that has proven useful for English NLP due to its high coverage and coherent classification. Such a resource doesn’t exist for other languages, despite some (mostly automatic and unsupervised) attempts. We show how to semi-automatically adapt VerbNet using existing resources designed for different purposes. This study focuses on French and uses t...

Dans cet article. on suggere que les problemes de sCcuritC a fondement politique devraient aussi &tre analyses d’un point de vue psychologique. Puisque les individus evaluent le niveau de sCcuritC a travers des processus cognitifs, les rksultats sont subjectifs. Les representations concernant la securitC sont construites a partir d’une menace perque dans l’environnement, menace que l’individu c...

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente deux stratégies d’échantillonnage dans le contexte de l’apprentissage par renforcement en mode “batch”. La première stratégie repose sur l’idée que les expériences susceptibles de mener à une modification de la politique de décision courante sont particulièrement informatives. Etant donné a priori un algorithme d’inférence de politiques de décision ainsi qu’un modèl...

This paper presents a multi-view approach for term translation spotting, based on a bilingual lexicon and comparable corpora. We propose to study different levels of representation for a term: the context, the theme and the orthography. These three approaches are studied individually and combined in order to rank translation candidates. We focus our task on French-English medical terms. Experim...