OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the rat skin penetration abilities of two commercially available low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices during 150 sec of irradiation. BACKGROUND DATA Effective LLLT irradiation typically lasts from 20 sec up to a few minutes, but the LLLT time-profiles for skin penetration of light energy have not yet been investigated. MATERIALS AND M...

The move to the cloud brings a number of new security challenges, but the application remains your last line of defense. Engineers are extremely well poised to perform tasks critical for securing the application—provided that certain key obstacles are overcome. Cloud Shifts the Burden of Security to Development

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing health concern effecting civilians and military personnel. Research has yielded a better understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, but effective treatments have not been forthcoming. Near-infrared light (NIR) has shown promise in animal models of both TBI and stroke. Yet, it remains unclear if sufficient photonic energy can be delivered to the human ...

Laser-based photo-thermal therapies can provide minimally-invasive treatment of cancers. Their effectiveness is limited by light penetration depth in tissue due to its highly scattering properties. The highly disordered refractive index distribution in tissue leads to multiple-scattering of incident light. It has been hypothesized that mechanical compression has a great potential to enhance the...

Penetration testing entails attacking a system to identify and report insecurity, but doing so without harming the system nor encroaching on the dignity of those affected by it. To improve the interaction between penetration testers and their processes and technology, we need to understand the factors that affect decisions they make with ethical import. This paper presents four ethical hazards ...

This paper reports about the analysis of the Internet diffusion among families and business basing on daily observations on registrations of second level domain names underneath the “.it” ccTLD . In particular, domains registered by individuals are analysed. The penetration rate over the relevant population of potential adopters is computed at highly disaggregated geographical level (province)....

Violaxanthin de-epoxidation, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, and photosynthetic O(2) evolution in the presence of paraquat (Pq) were studied in intact attached leaves of Pq-susceptible, and Pq-resistant (PqR) biotypes of Erigeron canadensis under different light conditions. Initially, similar changes were induced in the two biotypes, but the effects relaxed only in the PqR plants, indicatin...