OBJECTIVE Lime has a long history as a contraceptive and vaginal hygiene douche, and ongoing use in Africa is documented. We report on the first safety study on diluted lime juice to assess its potential as a candidate microbicide. METHODS Twenty-five sexually abstinent women were randomly assigned to apply a 10% or 20% concentration of lime juice or 0% (water-only) through a soaked tampon on...

Corn stover was pretreated with lime and shock, a mechanical process that uses a shockwave to alter the biomass structure. Two pretreatments (lime-only and lime + shock) were evaluated using enzymatic hydrolysis, batch mixed-culture fermentations, and continuous countercurrent mixed-culture fermentation. In a 120-h enzymatic hydrolysis, shock pretreatment increased the glucan digestibility of s...

Gypsum is being applied to ameliorate subsoil acidity and to overcome the problem of very slow lime movement from surface lime applications. Reduced Crude Conversion Spent Lime (RCCSL) containing anhydrite was evaluated for use as a liming material with specific consideration given to the movement of sulfate into the acid subsoil. Agricultural lime and RCCSL were applied at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5...

Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a waste product collected at the of furnace from coal operatedpower plants. However, its huge production becomes major environmental issue that will bring negative impact on environment as it lead to higher risk groundwater contamination. In this study selected 10% CBA based previous studies,but various percentages (5% 15%) lime content were used in by weight method. Th...

Contamination of waters by discharge heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) etc. from various industrial activities poses a great threat to humans, plants and animals, thus the need for their removal waste waters. In this work, synthetic tobermorite was prepared using soda-lime-silica glass silica precursor while snail shell ash used source calcium oxide. Several compositions w...

A mathematical heat transfer model for the prediction of transient heating of the slab in a direct-fired walking beam type reheating furnace has been developed by considering the nongray thermal radiation with given furnace environments. The furnace is modeled as radiating nongray medium with carbon dioxide and water with five-zoned gas temperature and the furnace wall is considered as a consta...

The phosphorus (P) content of molten steel is great importance for the quality products in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process. At present, initial conditions smelting process prediction end-point P are still core part. However, few studies focus on influence between data and content. In this research, relationships explored by a BP neural network. Based theoretical analysis, influen...

An analytical model of a spreader-stoker wood waste fired boiler has been developed for pre­ dicting the size of the largest particle which can be entrained by the upward motion of the furnace gases. This model is based on an entrainment model which equates particle in-situ settling velocity to furnace gas velocity and uses a stirred reactor mod­ el to evaluate furnace conditions. The effects o...

The blast-furnace process consists of a large number of processes that are physicochemical, thermal and mechanical interconnected processes. In addition to main processes consisting of iron oxides reduction, pig iron and slag melt creation, also realised are fuel combustion, gas flow, charge and melt flow, dissociation and other reactions in the solid and liquid phases. Inputs to the blast-furn...