A study on tin (Sn) mineralization indicator in Sungai Bahoi-Charok Jawa area was conducted through detailed field geological mapping and stream sediment geochemistry analysis. The consists mainly of Late Triassic igneous intrusion sedimentary rocks Carboniferous Kubang Pasu Formation. has successfully discovered a band brecciated phyllites along parts granite – phyllite contact zone limestone ...

introduction in several perspectives including geographical determinism, possibilism, exceptionalism, ecological and other views, it is discussed about understanding how human and the environment interact. human in dealing with different environments, depending on the capabilities of environment and existing tools and techniques, adopt themselves with the nature or interfere in it. karst landsc...

The intensity values of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used to reveal painted black rock art behind graffiti and moss. effect was observed in Gumahon cave Peñablanca, Philippines where previously unnoticed pigment exposed underneath moss, red white graffiti, etched name graffiti. application TLS for this purpose has not, our knowledge, been reported. significance finding is that archae...

Carbon utilization of bacterial communities is a key factor the biomineralization process in limestone-rich curst areas. An efficient carbon catabolism microbial community associated with availability sources such an ecological niche. As cave environments promote oligotrophic (carbon source stress) situations, present study investigated variations different substrate patterns soil and rock betw...

It happened in Hungary several times that a limestone quarry opened the entrance of new, unknown cave during its activity such as case was Villány Mountains, Budapest, and Kesel?, Naszály or Esztramos Hills. is right natural caves are protected, but what solution cases? Closing mine? Absolving from protection? difficult question. The real way: we must weigh. Which more expensive? How valuable u...

Caves used in antiquity had multiple functions and often long use histories. While many were employed for shelter, some became ritual sites. Revitalized interest in caves in Mesoamerica combines archaeology, ethnography, ethnohistory, epigraphy, and osteology. The current, general anthropological study of caves offers exceptional insights into early Mesoamerican customs, ceremonies, and beliefs...