Thyroid gland is an essential endocrine that present in the human body. This review highlights production, regulation and disease conditions of thyroid hormones. The controlled with help hypothalamus pituitary brain. production hormones involves five main steps such synthesis thyroglobulin (TG), iodide uptake, iodination thyroglobulin, storage release. two important produced by are Thyroxine (T...

Essentially all cultured animal cells require for growth1 animal serum or some other biological preparation. An understanding of the nature of the contributions made by these complex mixtures is of great interest for many reasons. Included are the desirability of better defined media for biochemical and other studies, the elucidation of growth requirements not detectable in experiments with who...

Little is known about stability of hormones in blood samples stored under various conditions. This study was conducted to examine stability of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, insulin, cortisol and progesterone in blood and serum samples. Experiment 1 was designed to determine if concentrations of these hormones were affected by exposure to cellular el...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although neuropsychological symptoms and signs are common in thyroid disease, their organic substrate is unknown. We performed brain MR imaging in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism before and after treatment and correlated the results with hormonal markers. METHODS Eight patients with hyperthyroid disease and three with hypothyroid disease underwent imagin...

Selenium plays a role in the antioxidant mechanism via the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Change in Se status because of Se depletion or supplementation is associated with a change in GSH-Px activity and could potentially affect antioxidant status. This study evaluated the impact of change in Se status on measures of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in adult horses. Twenty...

The hypothesis that thyroid calorigenesis is mediated by stimulation of active Na(+) transport was tested by measuring the Q(o2) of liver slices and skeletal muscle (diaphragm) from thyroxine- and triiodothyronine-injected thyroidectomized and normal rats in media fortified with ouabain (10(-3) M) and/or free of Na(+) or K(+). In both tissues, more than 90% of the increase in Q(o2) produced by ...

To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the vascular renin-angiotensin system, we perfused isolated rat hind legs with plasma-free buffer and quantified angiotensin peptides in the perfusate. Angiotensin release from hind legs was increased in rats pretreated with losartan (DuP 753) and rats fed a low sodium diet with subsequent furosemide and was decreased in nephrectomized rats and rats gi...

To exploit the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone when patients develop the side effect of thyrotoxicosis three patients with hyperthyroidism induced by amiodarone were given simultaneously 1 g potassium perchlorate a day for 40 days and a starting dose of 40 mg methimazole a day while they continued to take amiodarone. As hyperthyroidism might have recurred after potassium perchlorate treatme...

Na,K-ATPase activity, Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunit mRNA abundance (mRNA alpha and mRNA beta), and gene transcription rates were determined in kidney cortex and liver of hypothyroid and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated rats. In hypothyroid rats, Na,K-ATPase activity (expressed per unit of DNA) was 3.6-fold greater in kidney cortex than liver, and the abundance of mRNA alpha and mRNA beta in ...