This paper is in the line of the recent literature on weak instruments, which, following the seminal approach of Staiger and Stock (1997) and Stock and Wright (2000) captures weak identification by drifting population moment conditions. In contrast with most of the existing literature, we do not specify a priori which parameters are strongly or weakly identified. We rather consider that weaknes...

Language models are generally estimated using smoothed counting techniques. These counting schemes can be viewed as non linear functions operating on a Bernoulli process which converge asymptotically to the true density. The rate at which these counting schemes converge to the true density is constrained by the training data set available and the nature of the language model (LM) being estimate...

The sequential $p$-convergence in a fuzzy metric space, in the sense of George and Veeramani, was introduced by D. Mihet as a weaker concept than convergence. Here we introduce a stronger concept called $s$-convergence, and we characterize those fuzzy metric spaces in which convergent sequences are $s$-convergent. In such a case $M$ is called an $s$-fuzzy metric. If $(N_M,ast)$ is a fuzzy metri...

based on a complete heyting algebra l, the relations between lfuzzifyingconvergence spaces and l-fuzzifying topological spaces are studied.it is shown that, as a reflective subcategory, the category of l-fuzzifying topologicalspaces could be embedded in the category of l-fuzzifying convergencespaces and the latter is cartesian closed. also the specialization l-preorderof l-fuzzifying convergenc...

In this paper, we consider a nonlinear least squares model for the phase retrieval problem. Since the Hessian matrix may not be positive definite and the Gauss-Newton (GN) matrix is singular at any optimal solution, we propose a modified Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method, where the Hessian is substituted by a summation of the GN matrix and a regularization term. Similar to the well-known Wirtinge...

Let Lm,p(Rn) be the homogeneous Sobolev space for p?(n,?), ? a Borel regular measure on Rn, and Lm,p(Rn)+Lp(d?) of measurable functions with finite seminorm ?f?Lm,p(Rn)+Lp(d?):=inff1+f2=f?{?f1?Lm,p(Rn)p+?Rn|f2|pd?}1/p. We construct linear operator T:Lm,p(Rn)+Lp(d?)?Lm,p(Rn), that nearly optimally decomposes every function in sum space: ?Tf?Lm,p(Rn)p+?Rn|Tf?f|pd??C?f?Lm,p(Rn)+Lp(d?)p C dependent...

Based on the traditional IS–LM economic theory, which shows the relationship between interest rates and output in the goods and services market and the money market in macroeconomic. We established a four-dimensional IS–LM model involving four variables. With the Caputo fractional calculus theory, we improved it into a fractional order nonlinear model, analyzed the complexity and stability of t...

a definition of two jointly asymptotically nonexpansive mappings s and t on uniformly convex banach space e is studied to approximate common fixed points of two such mappings through weak and strong convergence of an ishikawa type iteration scheme generated by s and t on a bounded closed and convex subset of e. as a consequence of the notion of two jointly asymptotically nonexpansive maps, we c...

0. Introduction. Let M be a simply connected closed oriented n-dimensional manifold, and LM := Map C ∞ (S 1 , M) the associated free loop space. String topology of Chas and Sul-livan [CS] deals with an ample family of algebraic operations on the ordinary and equivariant homologies of LM , the most important being a graded commutative associative product,

This paper deals with the finite element approximation of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. We establish a convergence and a quasi-optimal Lm -error estimate, involving a weakly coupled system of quasi-variational inequalities for the solution of which an iterative scheme of monotone kind is introduced and analyzed.